23-04-2014, 03:29 PM
Basic Concepts in Sociology
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Society: Meaning
The term "society" came from the Latin word societas, which in turn was derived from the noun socius ("comrade, friend, ally"; adjectival form socialis) used to describe a bond or interaction among parties that are friendly, or at least civil.
Nature of Society
Society consist of people
Mutual interaction and mutual awareness
Society depends on likeness : needs, works, aims, ideas etc.
Society rest on difference too. There is biological difference between the sexes.
Co- operation and division of labor
Society implies interdependence also.
Society is dynamic
Social control: each society has its own ways and means of controlling the behavior of its member.
Culture: each society has distinct culture etc.
Hunting and gathering societies…
The main form of food production in such societies is the daily collection of wild plants and the hunting of wild animals.
Hunter-gatherers move around constantly in search of food. As a result, they do not build permanent villages or create a wide variety of artifacts, and usually only form small groups such as bands and tribes. However, some hunting and gathering societies in areas with plentiful resources (such as the Tlingit) lived in larger groups and formed complex hierarchical social structures such as chiefdoms.
Pastoral Societies….
For example, some people become craft workers, producing tools, weapons, and jewelry. The production of goods encourages trade. This trade helps to create inequality, as some families acquire more goods than others do.
These families often gain power through their increased wealth. The passing on of property from one generation to another helps to centralize wealth and power.
Feudal societies
Feudalism was a form of society based on ownership of land. Unlike today's farmers, vassals under feudalism were bound to cultivating their lord's land.
In exchange for military protection, the lords exploited the peasants into providing food, crops, crafts, respect, and other services to the landowner.
The caste system of feudalism was often multigenerational; the families of peasants may have cultivated their lord's land for generations.