17-01-2014, 02:40 PM
Gsm Based Power Meter Reading And Control System
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ABSTRACT
The present system of energy billing is
error prone and also time and labor consuming.
Errors get introduced at every stage of energy
billing like errors with electro-mechanical
meters, human errors while noting down the
meter reading, and errors while processing the
paid bills and the due bills. The home appliances
which consume more power causes an increase in
the payment of excessive bills. The remedy for all
these problems GPMC(GSM based power meter
and control system) is developed which consist of
the integration of a single phase Class 1,
IEC61036 , standard compliance digital kWh
power meter. It will keep track of the meter
reading of each day and the reading with the user
identification number send it to the user as well
as to the electricity department and Electricity
eBilling system associated with electricity
department will keep the track of each SMS
meter reading and the appropriate bill get
generated at the last day of the month and the
bill is forwarded to user from the server.
INTRODUCTION
Since the first Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM) network started to
commission and operation in 1991, the world has
adopted the standard for mobile communication. After
the adoption, countries around the world are
developing GSM infrastructure for wider nation wide
coverage at a rapid rate. The SMS was developed as
part of the Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM) phase2 specification in 1992 as a text paging
mechanism in addition to the original GSM voice
service. It experienced an astronomical increase usage
making it as a popular communication means for
notification.
LITERATURE REVIEW
According to [1], Automatic Meter Reading
(AMR) technology, electrical utilities (EUs) have been
exploiting their own infrastructure to bill their
customers in an efficient and economical way. Since
the amount of data that has to be send is quite low
related to the available time to perform this task, AMR
applications have been demanding low bit rates. At
this moment, EUs are exploring and demanding other
services as load and alarm management, remote
monitoring and disconnections, etc. In this context, the
Low Voltage modems should provide more
throughout while keeping the cost of the hardware
low.
The results of this low complexity AMR technology
are that in order to deploy an AMR network, the cost
of the equipment on the customer premises and the
added value services that the system provides are two
key factors in its business case.
BLOCK SCHEMATICS
The figure 3.1 shows the block schematic
for the meter side for the measurement of meter
reading from the remote location. The message
which is send by the server side for the request of
the reading which is firstly received by the GSM
modem, then microcontroller(Master) first read the
message from the sim card, then Master controller
will communicate with the slave microcontroller
which is continuously taking the reading from the
meter via serial peripheral interface, the slave who
setup the communication with master and slave will
send the current reading which is store in the Stack
of the slave will send it to the Master
microcontroller.
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
A large part of the project involved
choosing the appropriate hardware components to
take the meter reading from the meter and send it to
user and to server remotely and to control the power
consumption and provide a wireless link. The initial
idea was to search for an all-in-one solution that
would have all the components integrated, allowing
for the smallest size possible. Initially it was thought
that a simple circuit could be built and attached to a
microprocessor to control the power. But the cost of
the circuit with microprocessor is very high. It was
decided that designing a simple circuit, with the help
of the microcontroller and would provide accurate
power controlling and the measurement of meter
reading. The following sections describe the
research process as well as the implementation of
these integrated circuits. Hardware implementation
was done in Eagle 6.0 which is having the facility of
PCB layout print.
CONCLUSION
Today utility owners are using energy based tariffs
when distributing electricity. If implementing a
load-demand based tariff the possibilities to control
the consumption pattern increase because the
economical revenues become more connected to the
peak loads within the system. The new demand-
based tariffs meet the Swedish regulations as long as
the total yearly revenue does not exceed the fixed
limit. However, the monthly revenues are varying
depending on which tariff is being modelled. The
demand based tariffs move the revenues to the high-
peak period, November - March, and the utility
operator gets a good matching between system
peaks and revenues. Further investigations needs to
be done in order to determine the adequate pricing
level from the utility operators' as well as the
customers' points of view.