Machining and machine tools is a text targeted towards the students and teachers for the undergraduate Manufacturing Processes course in the Mechanical Engineering discipline. Post graduate students in the production and manufacturing streams will also find this book a good reference. This book brings a holistic approach to the understanding of machine tools and manufacturing processes, giving equal emphasis to historical background and chronological development, and to modern developments in manufacturing and contemporary machining processes. With the help of lucid explanations coupled with striking examples and accompanying visual aids, the book begins from the very basics and gradually builds reader understanding up to the advanced topics in this field. This is also a handy text for practising professionals as it contains all the relevant tables, data and figures, and can act as a quick reference. Part A - Machining Introduction to Machining Geometry of Cutting Tools Mechanism of Machining Mechanics of Machining Heat Generation and Cutting Temperature in Machining Failure, Life and Materials of Cutting Tools Estimation of Machining Time Machinability, Some Critical Problems and Remedial Grinding: Fast Machining and Finishing by Bonded Abrasives Economy and Eco-Friendliness in Machining Part B - Machine Tools Introduction to Machine Tools Functional Principles of Machine Tools Machine Tool Power Drives Role and Forms of Kinematic Structure in Machine Tools Methods of Changing Speed and Feed in Machine Tools Design of Speed Gear Box of Machine Tools Automation in Machine Tools Classification of Machine Tools Specification of Machine Tools Conventional Machine Tools and Their Features and Characteristics Kinematic Systems of Conventional Machine Tools Machining Applications of Conventional Machine Tools Methods of Mounting Blanks and Cutting Tools in Machine Tools Design and Application of Jigs and Fixtures for Aiding Machining Computer Numerical Controlled Machine Tools Foundation, Inspection and Testing of Machine Tools Printed Pages: 828. Bookseller Inventory # 62152
A machine tool is a machine for forming or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, drilling, grinding, shearing or other forms of deformation. The machine tools employ some type of tool that performs cutting or shaping. All machine tools have some means for restricting the work piece and providing a guided movement of the machine parts. Therefore, the relative movement between the work piece and the cutting tool (referred to as the tool path) is controlled or limited by the machine at least to some extent, rather than being completely "improvised" or "a raised hand". Tool varies among users, as discussed below. While all machine tools are "machines that help people do things," not all machine tools are machine tools.
Today, machine tools are typically fed differently from human muscle (eg, electrically, hydraulically, or through the shaft of the pipe), used to make fabricated parts (components) in a number of ways including cutting Other kinds of deformation.
Precursors of machine tools included bow-drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient Egypt before 2500 BC, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of Europe from at least 1000 to 500 BC. But it was not until the late Middle Ages and the Age of Enlightenment that the modern concept of a machine tool - a class of machines used as tools in the manufacture of metal parts, and the incorporation of machine-guided paths - began to evolve . The medieval watchmakers and Renaissance men, such as Leonardo da Vinci, helped to expand the technological environment of human beings to the preconditions for industrial machine tools. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and even in many cases in the twentieth century, machine tool builders tended to be the same people who used them to produce final products. However, from these roots also evolved an industry of machine tool builders as we define them today, ie people who specialize in building machine tools for sale to others.
Historians of machine tools often focus on a handful of major industries that further stimulated the development of machine tools. In historical emergency order, they have been firearms (small arms and artillery); Watches; Textile machinery; Steam engines (stationary, sea, railway and other) (the story of how Watt's need for a precise cylinder stimulated the boring Boulton machine is discussed by Roe); sewing machines; Bikes; Automobiles; And planes. Others might be included in this list as well, but they tend to be connected to the root causes already enumerated. For example, rolling element bearings are an industry of their own, but the main development drivers of this industry were the vehicles already mentioned: trains, bicycles, cars and airplanes; And other industries, such as tractors, agricultural implements and tanks, borrow heavily from those same industries of origin.
Machine tools filled a need created by textile machinery during the Industrial Revolution in England in the mid to late 1700s. Up to that time the machinery was mostly made of wood, often including gear and shafts. The increased mechanization required more metal parts, which were usually cast iron or wrought iron. Cast iron could be molded into molds for larger parts, such as engine cylinders and gears, but it was difficult to work with a file and could not be hammered. Hot red wrought iron could be hammered into shapes. Wrought iron at room temperature was worked with a file and a chisel and could be made gears and other complex pieces; However, manual labor lacked precision and was a slow and expensive process.