A bio-metric system is a technological system that uses information about a person (or other biological organism) to identify that person. Bio metric systems rely on specific data about unique biological traits in order to work effectively. The bio-metric system will involve running data through algorithms for a particular result, usually related to a positive identification of a user or other individual. Bio-metrics refers to metrics related to human characteristics. Bio-metrics authentication (or real authentication) is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are under surveillance.
Bio metric identifiers are then distinct, measurable characteristics used to label and describe individuals. Bio-metric identifiers are often categorised as physiological versus behavioural characteristics. Physiological characteristics are related to the shape of the body. Examples include, but are not limited to fingerprint, palm veins, face recognition, DNA, palm print, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina and odor / scent. Behavioural characteristics are related to the pattern of behaviour of a person, including but not limited to typing rhythm, gait, and voice. Some researchers have coined the term behaviours to describe the latter class of bio-metrics.
More traditional means of access control include token-based identification systems, such as driver's license or passport, and knowledge-based identification systems, such as a password or personal identification number. Since bio-metric identifiers are unique to individuals, they are more reliable in verifying identity than token and knowledge-based methods; However, the collection of bio-metric identifiers raises privacy concerns about the ultimate use of this information.