14-08-2012, 01:14 PM
GAS AND SMOKE DETECTION AND SMS ALERT SYSTEMS
GAS & SMOKE DTECTION & SMS ALERT SYSTEMS GLOBAL.docx (Size: 67.33 KB / Downloads: 60)
INTRODUCTION
A gas leak refers to a leak of natural gas, from a pipe or other containment, into a living area or any other area where the gas should not be. As natural gas explodes when exposed to flame or sparks, this situation is rather dangerous. This is a leak that represents an existing or probable hazard to persons or property, and requires immediate repair or continuous action until the conditions are no longer hazardous.
This project aims at protecting and avoiding Gas Leak. This protection Device consist of a stepper motor that is attached to the LPG cylinder knob, which detect the gas leak and close on the LPG cylinder Knob and Close the Gas Leak. At the same time the Device will switch on the Exhaust Fan to pullout the Gas leakage and protecting from any dangerous fire accidents. This device will protect the person using the kitchen from indulging a fire accident as well as it does safety measure on gas leak automatically and safely.
ABSTRACT:
The term Automatic control of Exhaust fan is that acting in an Independent manner, were the exhaust fan will work automatically in this technology. Exhaust fan is a fan which withdraws air from a localized area or from a space in a building from which it is desired not to return the air to the central air-treatment system.
As in kitchen were the gas leak refers to a leak of natural gas, from a pipe or other containment, into a living area or any other area where the gas should not be. As natural gas explodes when exposed to flame or sparks, this situation is rather dangerous.
Gas leaks in residential areas served by a master meter as well as by customer meters can be detected by comparing the total consumption registered on the customer meters with that registered on the master meter.
If the master meter reading is greater than that recorded by adding all the unit meter readings, then a leak probably exists in the distribution system. This condition may also indicate gas theft or a malfunctioning meter problem.
If this method is used, the individual or customer meters should be read on the same day as the master meter. This will allow a more accurate comparison of gas volumes. Here the microcontroller is interfaced with GSM modem to indicate or to alert the leakage by sending SMS remotely by modem to the house owner mobile.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The project deals with Microcontroller and Stepper motor, and GSM Modem with sensors. Microcontroller is a microcomputer, microprocessor, or other equipment used for process control in data handling, communication, and manufacturing.
A single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non-volatile memory for the program, volatile memory for input and output.Stepper Motor device is an independence device it works with Microcontroller. It rotates in a large number of typical steps and obtains electromagnetically. Stepper motors operate differently from normal DC motors.
The Stepper motor is an electromagnetic device that connects to one mechanism. This stepper motor rotates in short and essentially uniform angular movements. In the Cylinder there will be knob, with the knob stepper motor is connected and if the gas is leaking then the exhaust fan will automatically switch on and it rotates fastily with the help of Microcontroller.
The sensor integrated with gas knob will senses the leakage of gas and sends the analog data to ADC to get convert into digital format, and is interfaced with microcontroller and with the Buzzer to avoid the disaster.
Apart from the getting information regarding the gasleakage we have implemented with involvement of GSM modem to generate a SMS to indicate regarding this disaster to house owner.Microcontroller is interfaced with the GSM modem, which will generate an SMS about the gas leak to house owner with predefined command codes. This message alert will be received by the house owner and he/she can take further action to avoid this accident.
Stepper motor:
Stepper Motor device is an independence device it works with Microcontroller. It rotates in a large number of typical steps and obtains electromagnetically. Stepper motors operate differently from normal DC motors. The Stepper motor is an electromagnetic device that connects to one mechanism. This stepper motor rotates in short and essentially uniform angular movements.
Sensors[MQ-4/5 gas sensor]
A gas leak sensor system detects the presence of gas leaking into any one of a plurality of test spaces for example, refrigeration gas into a refrigeration case. A plurality of tubes extends from each of the test spaces to a sensor location whereat a selector valve is connected to each tube. A controller actuates the selector valves to select tubes in a particular order and a vacuum source draws air and any leaking gas through a selected tube and through a gas sensor to activate an alarm. The gas sensor is purged at least each time a leaking gas has been sensed.
GSM Modem
GSM/GPRS Smart Modem is a multi-functional, ready to use, rugged unit that can be embedded or plugged into any application. The Smart Modem can be controlled and customized to various levels by using the standard AT commands. The modem is fully type-approved, it can speed up the operational time with full range of Voice, Data, Fax and Short Messages (Point to Point and Cell Broadcast), and the modem also supports GPRS for spontaneous data transfer.