20-08-2012, 09:34 PM
I am jibin george.i am a engineering student. i need seminar report of sky x technology.
20-08-2012, 09:34 PM
I am jibin george.i am a engineering student. i need seminar report of sky x technology.
20-09-2013, 03:38 PM
SKY X TECHNOLOGY SKY X TECHNOLOGY.doc (Size: 272.5 KB / Downloads: 18) INTRODUCTION Satellites are ideal for providing internet and private network access over long distance and to remote locations. However the internet protocols are not optimized for satellite conditions and consequently the throughput over the satellite networks is restricted to only a fraction of available bandwidth. We can over come these restrictions by using the Sky X protocol. The Sky X Gateway and Sky X Client/Servers systems replaces TCP over satellite link with a protocol optimized for the long latency, high loss and asymmetric bandwidth conditions of the typical satellite communication. Adding the Sky X system to a satellite network allows users to take full advantage of the available bandwidth. The Sky X Gateway transparently enhances the performance of all users on a satellite network without any modifications to the end clients and servers. The Sky X Client and the Sky X Server enhance the performance of data transmissions over satellites directly to end user PC’s, thereby increasing Web performance by 3 times or more and file transfer speeds by 10 to 100 times. The Sky X solution is entirely transparent to end users, works with all TCP applications and does not require any modifications to end client and servers. SKY X TECHNOLOGY Satellites are attractive option for carrying internet and other IP traffic to many locations across the globe where terrestrial options are limited or [censored] prohibitive. But data networking on satellite is faced with overcoming the large latency and high bit error rates typical of satellite communications as well as the asymmetric bandwidth design of most satellite network.Satellites are ideal for providing internet and private network access over long distance and to remote locations. However the internet protocols are not optimized for satellite conditions. So the throughput over the satellite networks is restricted to only a fraction of available bandwidth. Mentat , the leading supplies of TCP/IP to the computer industry have overcome their limitations with the development of the Sky X product family. The Sky X system replaces TCP over satellite link with a protocol optimized for the long latency, high loss and asymmetric bandwidth conditions of the typical satellite communication. The Sky X family consists of Sky X Gateway, Sky X Client/Server and Sky X OEM products. Sky X products increase the performance of IP over satellite by transparency replacing. The Sky X Gateway works by intercepting the TCP connection from client and converting the data to Sky X protocol for transmission over the satellite. The Sky X Client /Server product operates in a similar manner except that the Sky X client software is installed on each end users PC. Connection from applications running on the PC is intercepted and sends over the satellite using the Sky X protocol. PERFORMANCE OF TCP OVER SATELLITE Satellites are an attractive option for carrying Internet and other IP traffic to many locations across the globe where terrestrial options are limited or price prohibitive. However data networking over satellites is faced with overcoming the latency and high bit error rates typical of satellite communications, as well as the asymmetric bandwidth of most satellite networks Communication over geosynchronous satellites, orbiting at an altitude of 22,300 miles has round trip times of approximately 540 m/s, an order of magnitude larger than terrestrial networks. The journey through the atmosphere can also introduce bit errors into the data stream. These factors, combined with backchannel bandwidth typically much smaller than that available on the forward channel, reduce the effectiveness of TCP which is optimized for short hops over low-loss cables or fiber. Even though the TCP is very effective in the local network connected by using cables or optical fibers by using its many features such as LPV6, LP sec and other leading-edge functionality. Also it will work with real time operating systems.TCP is designed for efficiency and high performance ,and optimized for maximum throughput and the highest transaction speeds in local networks. Window size TCP utilizes a sliding window mechanism to limit the amount of data in flight. When the window becomes full, the sender stops transmitting until it receives new acknowledgement. Over satellite networks, where acknowledgements are slow to return, the TCP window size gradually sets a hard limit on the maximum throughput rate. The minimum window size needed to fully utilize an error-free link known as the “bandwidth-delay product” is 100 KB for a T1 satellite link and 675 KB for a 10 Mbps link. However many implementations of TCP are limited to maximum window size of 64 KB and most operating systems use a default window size of only 8 KB , imposing a maximum throughput rate over a satellite link of only 128 Kbps per connection , regardless of the bandwidth available. So the high bandwidth available in the network is no longer effective, thus the data availability in a client is restricted to a small fraction of the available bandwidth. Thus the window sizing mechanism of the TCP limits the rate of flow of data through satellite link. SKY X GATEWAY OPERATION The Sky X gateway works by intercepting the TCP connection from the client and converting the data to the Xpress Transport Protocol (XTP) for transmission over the satellite. The Sky X gateway on the opposite side of the satellite link translates the data back to TCP for communication with the server. This architecture offers vastly improved performance while remaining entirely transparent to the end user and fully compactable with the internet infrastructure. No changes are required to the client or server and all applications continue to function without modification. This architecture is also referred to as TCP Performance Enhancing Proxy (TCP-PEP) and is compactable with IETF RFC 3135. SKY X PERFORMANCE The performance benefits of the sky X gateway depend on many factors including the bandwidth, delay, asymmetry and bit error rate of the link, the number of simultaneous connections, the compressibility of the data and the behavior of the application itself. Below are data for two typical applications across a range of conditions File Transfers The following file transfer tests illustrate the benefits of Sky X performance enhancement for different windows sizes, link band-widths, round-trip times, and bit error rates. Users should expect similar results for any large, single-connection data transfer. Each graph shows Sky X enhancement for three cases: no compression, highly compressible text, and Corpus benchmark compressibility Window Size and Link Speed vs. Throughput Without performance enhancement, a default window size of 8 KB limits TCP throughput to less than 100 Kbps over satellite. As the graph on the left illustrates, even on server operating systems using a 32 KB window, TCP is only able to reach a through-put of 440 Kbps. Sky X gateway overcomes this limitation, taking full advantage of the available bandwidth regardless of the window size of the client or server. For compressible data, Sky X can provide throughput rates far greater than the link bandwidth. |
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