A laboratory information management system (LIMS), sometimes called a laboratory information system (LIS) or laboratory management system (LMS), is a laboratory-based software and information management system with features that support operations of a modern laboratory. Key features include, but are not limited to, workflow and data tracking support, flexible architecture and data exchange interfaces, which "fully support their use in regulated environments." The characteristics and uses of a LIMS have evolved over the years, from simple sample tracking to an enterprise resource planning tool that manages multiple aspects of laboratory computing.
The definition of a LIMS is somewhat controversial: LIMS are dynamic because laboratory requirements are evolving rapidly and different laboratories often have different needs. Therefore, a working definition of a LIMS ultimately depends on interpretation by the individuals or groups involved.
Historically LIMS, LIS and the development system development process (PDES) have performed similar functions. The term "LIMS" has tended to refer to computer systems aimed at environmental, research or commercial analysis such as pharmaceutical or petrochemical work. "LIS" has tended to refer to laboratory computer systems in the forensic and clinical markets, which often require special case management tools. "PDES" has generally been applied to a broader scope, including, for example, virtual manufacturing techniques, although they are not necessarily integrated with laboratory equipment.
In recent times, the functionality of LIMS has been extended even beyond its original purpose of sample management. test data management, data mining, data analysis, and the integration of laboratory electronic laboratories (ELN) have been added to many LIMS, allowing the implementation of translational medicine completely within a single software solution. In addition, the distinction between LIMS and LIS has been blurred, as many LIMS now also fully support clinical case-centered data.