22-02-2012, 03:34 AM
hello sir,
please provide me the complete report about indoor geolocation with d ppt
22-02-2012, 03:34 AM
hello sir, please provide me the complete report about indoor geolocation with d ppt
15-03-2012, 10:37 AM
to get information about the topic "Indoor Geolocation " full report ppt and related topic refer the link bellow
https://seminarproject.net/Thread-indoor-geolocation https://seminarproject.net/Thread-indoor-geolocation https://seminarproject.net/Thread-indoor...tion%09%09
02-07-2012, 03:31 PM
Indoor Geolocation Indoor Geolocation.ppt (Size: 258.5 KB / Downloads: 147) Introduction Indoor geolocation is an important and novel emerging technology for commercial, public safety and military applications. In commercial applications for residential and nursing homes there is an increasing need for indoor geolocation systems to track people with special needs, the elderly, and children who are away from visual supervision, to locate in-demand portable equipment in hospitals, and to find specific items in warehouses. In public safety and military applications, indoor geolocation systems are needed to track inmates in prisons, and navigating policeman, firefighters and soldiers to complete their missions inside buildings These incentives have initiated interest in modeling the radio channel for indoor geolocation, development of new technologies, and emergence of first generation indoor geolocation products . Global Positioning System (Gps) And E-911 Services GPS is a worldwide space based radio navigation system that works with the help of a constellation of 24 satellites and their base stations. It employs signal timing to determine position of a mobile station, which acts, as the receiver and orbiting satellites are transmitters An Enhanced 9-1-1 system provides a three-digit dialing, no-coin requirement from pay telephones and intelligent routing to the Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) that handles the area where the phone is located and is able to display the caller's address and telephone number at the PSAP for the dispatcher's reference. In general, 9-1-1 is an emergency number for any police, fire or medical incident . System Architecture The architecture of indoor geolocation systems also can be roughly grouped into two main categories: handset based architecture and network-based architecture In network-based architecture the geolocation base stations extract location metrics of the mobile station and relay this information to a central control station. The control station, calculating the metrics it receives, keeps track of the mobile station. In handset-based architecture, the mobile station estimates self-position by measuring received radio signals from multiple fixed base stations . Geolocation Process Geolocation systems attempt to locate an MS by measuring the signals traveling between the MS and a set of fixed stations (FS's). The signal measurements are first used to determine the length or direction of the path, and then the MS position is derived from known geometric relationships. It is important to note that line-of-sight (LOS) propagation is necessary for accurate location estimates. The indoor radio propagation channel is characterized as site-specific, severe multipath, and low probability for availability of a line of sight (LOS) signal propagation path between transmitter and receiver. The most important impact on location accuracy is due to the range/direction estimation error. The two major sources of errors that come under this category, in the measurement of location metrics in indoor environments are multipath fading and no LOS (NLOS) conditions due to shadow fading RSS Geolocation In systems using RSS geolocation technique, nearness of an MS to fixed detection devices is used to determine its position. RSS techniques estimate the location of an MS by measuring the power transmitted by it. Simple geometric relationships are then used to form the location estimate, based on the RSS measurements and the known positions of the BS's. Once the power transmitted by a mobile terminal is known, measuring received signal strength at receiver will provide the distance between the transmitter and the receiver using a known mathematical model for radio signal path loss with distances. The measured distance will determine a circle, centered at the receiver, on which the mobile transmitter must lie. Three RSS measurements will provide a position fix for the mobile . Goals Of An Indoor Positioning System So-called tags, physical devices associated with the people and assets being tracked, which should be as small and light as possible for the widest applicability. Tags that are inexpensive, for broad appeal and applicability, and therefore far simpler in design than GPS receivers. An infrastructure that tracks thousands of tags, whereas in GPS, a mobile device must determine its own location in reference to an infrastructure. Accuracy of 10 meters for most indoor applications, though some require 2-meter accuracy or better. Counteraction of indoor multipath effects, a challenge when combined with the higher accuracy requirement. A GPS receiver, owing to its great distance from the satellite, must take into account multipath and also other effects, like atmospherics and relativity that are irrelevant to a ground-based system A radio system in compliance with Part 15 regulations of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), so that a customer may install and run the system without a license in the United States and elsewhere. |
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