The lathe is the oldest invented machine tool, beginning with the Egyptian tree lathes. He is the father of all machine tools. Its main function is to remove material from a workpiece to produce the required shape and size. This is achieved by holding the workpiece securely and rigidly on the machine and then rotating it against the cutting tool which will remove the material from the workpiece in the form of chips. It is used to machine cylindrical parts. Usually a single point cutting tool is used. In the year 1797, Henry Maudslay, an Englishman, designed the first lathe cutting screw which is the forerunner of today's high speed, heavy duty lathe production.
In order to obtain a machined part using a machine tool, coordinated movements must be imparted to its work members. These movements are primary (cutting and feeding) movements, which eliminate WP chips or auxiliary movements that are required to prepare the machining and ensure successive machining of several surfaces of a WP or a similar surface of different WPs. The main movements can be alternative or straight alternative. In some machine tools, this movement is a combination of rotating and alternate movements. The movement of the feed can be continuous (lathes, milling, drilling) or intermittent.