10-03-2012, 12:43 AM
plz send me the related information nd ppt related to this...if anyone had that..
10-03-2012, 12:43 AM
plz send me the related information nd ppt related to this...if anyone had that..
10-03-2012, 02:35 PM
to get information about the topic plastic memory seminar full report,ppt and related topic please refer the link bellow
https://seminarproject.net/Thread-plastic-memory https://seminarproject.net/Thread-plastic-memory?page=4 https://seminarproject.net/Thread-plastic-memory?page=2
31-10-2012, 04:11 PM
PLASTIC MEMORY
Plastic Memory.doc (Size: 112 KB / Downloads: 38) PEDOT's.docx (Size: 15.16 KB / Downloads: 26) ABSTRACT A conducting plastic has been used to create a new memory technology which has the potential to store a mega bit of data in a millimeter- square device-10 times denser than current magnetic memories. This device is cheap and fast, but cannot be rewritten, so would only be suitable for permanent storage. The device sandwiches a blob of a conducting polymer called PEDOT and a silicon diode between perpendicular wires. The key to the new technology was discovered by passing high current through PEDOT (Polyethylenedioxythiophene) which turns it into an insulator, rather like blowing a fuse .The polymer has two possible states- conductor and insulator, that form the one and zero, necessary to store digital data. However tuning the polymer into an insulator involves a permanent chemical change, meaning the memory can only be written once. INTRODUCTION cheaper and faster than the existing silicon circuits was invented by Researchers at Princeton University working with Hewlett-Packard. This new memory technology is created by using a conducting plastic which has the potential to store a megabit of data in a millimeter-square device - 10 times denser than current magnetic memories. This utilizes a previously unknown property of a cheap, transparent plastic called A new form of permanent computer memory which uses plastic and is much PEDOT - short for polyethylenedioxythiophene. The inventors say that data densities as high as a megabit per square millimeter can be possible. By stacking layers of memory, a cubic centimeter device could hold as much as a gigabyte and be cheap enough to compete with CDs and DVD. TYPES OF RAM The RAM family includes two important memory devices: static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). The primary difference between them is the lifetime of the data they store. SRAM retains its contents as long as electrical power is applied to the chip. If the power is turned off or lost temporarily, its contents will be lost forever. DRAM, on the other hand, has an extremely short data lifetime-typically about four milliseconds. This is true even when power is applied constantly. In short, SRAM has all the properties of the memory you think of when you hear the word RAM. Compared to that, DRAM seems useless. However, a simple piece of hardware called a DRAM controller can be used to make DRAM behave more like SRAM. The job of the DRAM controller is to periodically, the contents of memory can be kept alive for as long as they are needed. So DRAM is also as useful as SRAM. TYPES OF ROM Memories in the ROM family are distinguished by the methods used to write new data to them (usually called programming), and the number of times they can be rewritten. This classification reflects the evolution of ROM devices from hardwired to programmable to erasable-and-programmable. A common feature of all these devices is their ability to retain data and programs forever, even during a power failure. The very first ROMs were hardwired devices that contained a preprogrammed set of data or instructions. The contents of the ROM had to be specified before chip production, so the actual data could be used to arrange the transistors inside the chip. Hardwired memories are still used, though they are now called masked ROMs to distinguish them from other types of ROM. The primary advantage of a masked ROM is its low production cost. Unfortunately, the cost is low only when large quantities of the same ROM are required. One step up from the masked ROM is the PROM (programmable ROM), which is purchased in an unprogrammed state. If you were to look at the contents of an unprogrammed PROM, you would see that the data is made up entirely of l's. The process of writing your data to the PROM involves a special piece of equipment called a device programmer. The device programmer writes data to the device one word at a time by applying an electrical charge to the input pins of the chip. Once a PROM has been programmed in this way, its contents can never be changed. If the code or data stored in the PROM must be changed, the current device must be discarded. As a result, PROMs are also known as one-time programmable (OTP) devices. HYBRIDS As memory technology has matured in recent years, the line between RAM and ROM has blurred. Now, several types of memory combine features of both. These devices do not belong to either group and can be collectively referred to as hybrid memory devices. Hybrid memories can be read and written as desired, like RAM, but maintain their contents without electrical power, just like ROM. Two of the hybrid devices, EEPROM and flash, are descendants of ROM devices. These are typically used to store code. The third hybrid, NVRAM, is a modified version of SRAM. NVRAM usually holds persistent data. PEDOT PEDOT is an unusual plastic because it conducts electricity, a property that's led to it being used for antistatic coatings. However, a sufficiently large pulse of current changes it permanently to a nonconducting state, just like a fuse. It conducts electricity at low voltages, but operates as a semiconductor at higher voltages. The material is a blend of a negatively-charged polymer called PSS- and a positively-charged one called PEDT+. Having distinct charged components enable it to conduct electricity and means it is water soluble. The team is not sure why it stops conducting when high currents pass through. But according to the Princeton researcher Stephen Forrest, he suspects that the heat produced by a high current gives the PSS- layer sufficient energy to snatch a positively-charged hydrogen ion from any water that has dissolved on its surface, forming a neutral PSSH. Without the negatively-charged PSS- to stabilize it, PED+ in turn grabs on to an extra electron and also becomes neutral, converting PEDOT into an insulating polymer. In this, bits are written when a current passes through a polymer fuse, causing it to blow and change its conductivity. This involves applying a lower voltage to PEDOT to change its resisto read the data, a blown fuse blocks current flow and is read as a zero, ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC MEMORY The plastic memory technology promises to store more data at less cost than the expensive-to-build silicon chips used by popular consumer gadgets including digital cameras, cell phones and portable music players. The memory cannot be rewritten, but can be read very fast and with low power consumption. So this would be suitable only for permanent storage. Unlike flash memory found in consumer devices, the new technology can be written to only once, though it can be read many times. It acts in that respect like a non-rewriteable compact disc. But this new memory, which retains data even when there's no power, won't require a power-hungry laser or motor to read or write, and promises more capacity. |
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