01-04-2012, 02:25 AM
18-06-2012, 04:17 PM
power transformer protection using microcontroller
power transformer.doc (Size: 564 KB / Downloads: 125) INTRODUCTON OVERVIEW: The Project Entitled “POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION USING MICROCONTROLLER” designed with Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC 16F877A). Utility companies have enormous amounts of money invested in transformers of all types, including distribution and power transformer. Operating, maintaining, and inspecting all power transformers are not an easy work. In order to reduce burden on maintenance of such transformers a new idea has been discovered. This project is mainly used to protect the transformer from getting worn out due to electrical disturbances. The electrical parameters like current, voltage, oil level, oil leakage, temperature sensing over& under voltage cut off of the transformers are fed as base values, using a CT to the Peripheral Interface Controller and the output signal is provided to operate a relay by comparing the base values with the operating electrical parameters. The application consists of a board of electronic components inclusive of a PIC 16F877A microcontroller with programmable logic. It has been designed to work with high accuracy. The electrical parameters of the power transformer such as voltage and current are fed to the Peripheral Interface Controller as base values. ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS: This paper mainly deals with the protection of power transformer from various faults. The second chapter deals with the various methods already existing in the protection of the transformer from various faults. The various faults occurring in the transformer and the steps taken to protect the device from these faults are also discussed. The components of the project and the embedded system are explained in the same chapter. The next chapter gives an elaborate description of the PIC microcontroller and its working. This chapter mentions the core features and peripheral features of the PIC16F877A. The various memory organizations and the ports description are detailed in this chapter. The fourth chapter contains the idea of the software used in the project and the variation code. TRANSFORMER – DEFINITION A device used to transfer electric energy from one circuit to another, especially a pair of multiple wound, inductively coupled wire coils that affect such a transfer with a change in voltage, current, phase, or other electric characteristic. NECESSITY FOR PROTECTION Transformers are static devices, totally enclosed and generally oil immersed. Therefore, chances of faults occurring on them are very rare. However, the consequences of even a rare fault may be very serious unless the transformer is quickly disconnected from the system. This necessitates providing adequate automatic protection for transformers against possible faults. MICROCONTROLLER FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS In the literature discussing microprocessors, we often see the term embedded system. Microprocessor and Microcontroller are widely used in embedded system products. An embedded product uses a microprocessor (or microcontroller) to do one task and one task only. A printer is an example of embedded system since the processor inside it performs only one task; namely, getting the data and printing it. |
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