24-12-2012, 06:38 PM
HYDRO POWER PLANT
HYDRO POWER.pptx (Size: 3.9 MB / Downloads: 46)
ABSTRACT
Hydro power plants in general and hydro turbine in particular like any other real systems, are nonlinear and have time-varying parameters to some exrent. The hydrodynamics of the tunnel, penstock and turbine are complex due to nonlinear relationship, which exists between the water velocity, turbine inlet pressure and developed power. The performance of hydro turbine is strongly influenced by the characteristics of water inertia, water compressibility and penstock-wall elasticity. The dynamic characteristics of a hydro turbine power depend heavily on changes in set point and load disturbances. Thus the hydro turbine exhibits highly nonlinear, non-stationary system whose characteristics vary significantly with the unpredictable load. This paper will analyze the environmental impact of hydroelectricity. This paper will also discuss A key item of any hydro power plant is the governor. Hydro turbine governing system provides a means of controlling power and frequency. The speed governor normally actuates the gates / vanes that regulate the water input to the turbine.
WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?
The objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine (termed the "head"), into electric energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located. The power output from the scheme is proportional to the flow and to the head.
HISTORY
- Nearly 2000 years ago the Greeks used water wheels to grind wheat into flour
- In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for milling of lumber and grain and for pumping irrigation water
- Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power
What are Spill ways?
A dam failure can have sever effects downstream of the dam.During the lifetime of a dam different flow conditions will be experienced and a dam must be able to safely accommodate high floods that can exceed normal flow conditions in the river. For this reason, carefully passages are corporated in the dams as part of structure. These passages are known as spillways.
PENSTOCK
“conveying water from the intake to the power house”.The water in the reservoir is considered stored energyWhen the gate opens the water flowing through the penstock becomes kinetic energy because it is in motion.