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Introduction
Present project is designed using AT89C51 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents happening
at unattended railway gates, if implemented in spirit. This project utilizes two powerful infrared
sensor and two receivers; one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at upside (from where the
train comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other pair
is fixed at down side of the train direction. Sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating
the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard minimum size of
the railway. We have considered 5 seconds for this project. Sensors are fixed at 1km on both
sides of the gate. We call the sensor along the train direction as ‘foreside sensor’ and the other as
‘aft side sensor’. When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is turned on in one
direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate and reaches aft
side sensors. When aft side receiver gets activated motor turns in opposite direction and gate
opens and motor stops.
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Statement of the Problem
The railway technology is new in our country. The operations of railways crossings have not
automatic and manual gate controller. Therefore more efforts are necessary for improving safety.
The usage of this automatic railway gate controller using microcontroller will largely reduce the
accidents at unmanned level crossings and provide immense safety. This report deals with the
designing and operation of this automatic railway gate controller. Since the design is completely
automated it can be used in remote area villages where no station master or line man is present.
Objective of the project
General objective
• To design, simulate and implement automatic railways gate controller.
Specific objective
• To develop a prototype of railway gate that function automatically by using
microcontroller
• Principal operation of IR sensor
Review of Literatures
The proposed system can be referred as an enhancement of the current railway system converting
the manned as well as unmanned railway gate into an automated railway gate controlling unit.
Automatically switching between railway tracks and running the train automatically.
In 1988 Waheed, M.A.; Sethuraman, S.K.; Deans, N.D. developed the concept of controlling
devices in real time using a microcontroller chip. This concept is the backbone of our project.
The proposed project contains of IR sensors (i.e.,) an IR light emitting diode (led) and a p-n
junction photodiode which generates signals for microcontroller to control the loads connected to
the controller.
During the period of 1969-1973 Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie and Ken Thompson developed the C
programming language, using the basis of c programming language a software program in
embedded c is developed for our project. Embedded C programming is very advantageous in
many ways as it is a combination of assembly language programming and c language
programming. In C language programming stack memory cannot be directly whereas in
assembly language programming stack can be easily called, combining assembly and c language
an embedded c language was developed for real time application programming.
Infrared sensors being the most efficient sensor to detect any real time object is used in the
proposed project to detect arrival and departure of train.