Robotic surgery, computer assisted surgery and robotic assisted surgery are terms for technological developments that use robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures. Robotically assisted surgery was developed to overcome the limitations of preexisting minimally invasive surgical procedures and to improve the capabilities of surgeons performing open surgery.
In the case of minimally invasive robotically assisted surgery, instead of directly moving the instruments, the surgeon uses one of two methods to control the instruments; Whether it is a direct telemanipulator or by computer control. A telemanipulator is a remote manipulator that allows the surgeon to perform the normal movements associated with surgery while the robotic arms perform those movements using end-effectors and manipulators to perform the actual surgery on the patient. In computer controlled systems the surgeon uses a computer to control the robotic arms and their end effectors, although these systems can also use telemanipulators for their entry. One advantage of using the computerized method is that the surgeon does not have to be present, but it can be anywhere in the world, giving rise to the possibility of remote surgery.
In the case of improved open surgery, autonomous instruments (in family configurations) replace traditional steel tools, performing certain actions (such as sparing ribs) with much smoother movements and controlled by feedback of what could be achieved A human hand. The main purpose of such intelligent instruments is to reduce or eliminate the tissue trauma traditionally associated with open surgery without requiring more than a few minutes of training by surgeons. This approach seeks to improve open surgeries, particularly cardio-thoracic surgeries, which so far have not benefited from minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery has been criticized for its cost, according to an estimate that costs $ 1,500 to $ 2,000 more per patient.