11-04-2011, 03:19 PM
PRESENTED BY
B.n v manikanta
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SWARM ROBOTICS: A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO SERVICE ROBOTICS
OBJECTIVE
Robots are going to be an important part of the future.
Once robots are useful, groups of robots are the next step, and will have tremendous potential to benefit mankind.
Software designed to run on large groups of robots is the key needed to unlock this potential
INTRODUCTION
SWARM ROBOTICS IS . . . . .
inspired from the observation of Social insects
It is a novel approach to the coordination of large number of robots
EVOLUTION OF SWARM
In 1987, Reynolds created a “boid” model, which is a distributed behavioral model, to simulate on a computer the motion of a flock of birds. Each boid is implemented as an independent actor that navigates according to its own perception of the dynamic environment.
A boid must observe the following rules. First, the “avoidance rule” says that a boid must move away from boids that are too close so as to reduce the chance of in-air collisions.
Second, the “copy rule” says a boid must fly in the general direction that the flock is moving by averaging the other boids velocities and directions
Third, “the center rule” says that a boid should minimize exposure flock’s exterior by moving toward the perceived center of the flock.
A fourth rule, “view” that indicates that a boid should move laterally away from any boid that blocks its view.
The centre rule plays a role in both attraction and repulsion. The swarm behavior of the simulated flock is the result of the dense interaction of the relatively simple behaviors of the individual boids.
WORKING OF SWARM
SWARM INTELLIGENCE : Swarm intelligence describes the way that complex behaviors can arise from large numbers of individual agents each following very simple rules.
SOFTWARE FROM INSCETS :
Instead a “group behavior building blocks” that can be combined to form larger, more complex applications are being developed.
The robots use these behaviors to communicate, cooperate, and move relative to each other. Some behaviors are simple, like following, dispersing, and counting.
Some are more complex, like dynamic task assignment, temporal synchronization, and gradient tree navigation
TYPES OF SWARM
MODULAR ROBOTS :
Connections between the modules
Systems that govern how the modules move in
relation to one another
CHAIN ROBOTS
Chain robots are long chains that can connect to one another at specific points.
Depending on the number of chains and where they connect, these robots can resemble snakes or spiders
NASA’S SNAKE BOAT
WATER SKATER
A bug like robot inspired by insects that skate across water has been engineered.
The machine provides deeper insight into hoe these long legged bugs known as water striders or pond skaters move.
Tiny hairs on the ends of its legs that repel water keep the actual Insect of afloat.
These machines made buoyant by dipping the legs in water resistant Teflon solution
ADVANTAGES
Swarms provide the possibility of enhanced task performance, high reliability (fault tolerance), low unit complexity and decreased cost over traditional robotic systems.
They can accomplish some tasks that would be impossible for a single robot to achieve.
Swarm-bots are a collection of mobile robots able to self assemble and to self organize in order to solve problems that cannot be solved by a single robot.
These robots combine the power of swarm intelligence with the flexibility of self reconfiguration as aggregate swarm-bots can dynamically change their structure to match environmental variations.
APPLICATIONS
Terminators, Transformers and Other Self-Reconfiguring Robots
This is completely different from most real robots, which are usually only good at performing one task or a few related tasks. The Mars Exploration Rovers, for example, can do the following:
Generate power with solar calls and store it in batteries.
Drive across the landscape.
Take pictures.
Drill into rocks.
Use spectrometers to record temperatures, chemical compositions, X-rays and alpha particles
Send the recorded data back to Earth using radio waves.
CONCLUSION
Robots are going to be an important part of the future. Once robots are useful, groups of robots are the next step, and will have tremendous potential to benefit mankind. Software designed to run on large groups of robots is the key needed to unlock this potential