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ABSTRACT
The design of a wireless LPG leakage monitoring system is proposed for home safety. The aim of this proposed system is to monitor LPG leakage to avoid fire accidents providing house safety feature where security has been an important issue. It alerts the consumer about the leak by SMS and as an emergency measure the system will turn off the power supply, while activating the alarm. The additional advantage of the system is that it continuously monitors the level of the LPG present in the cylinder using load sensor and if the gas level reaches below the threshold limit of gas around 2kg so that the user can replace the old cylinder and automatically books the cylinder using a GSM module. The device ensures safety and prevents suffocation and explosion due to gas leakage. A cost-effective, Automated Unified System for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) booking, leakage detection, real time gas monitoring system and automatic controlling of LPG regulator is proposed in this paper. The system detects the leakage of the LPG using gas sensor and alerts the consumer about the gas leakage by sending SMS using GSM module and simultaneously activating the alarm . The system additionally provides the automatic controlling of LPG regulator. To avoid any blast this system will disconnect the main power supply using relay. The additional advantage of the system is that it continuously monitors the level of the LPG present in the cylinder using weight sensor and automatically books the cylinder using a GSM module.
INTRODUCTION
LPG is a mixture of Commercial Propane and Commercial Butane having saturated as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Because of the versatile nature of LPG it is used for many needs such as domestic fuel, industrial fuel, automobile fuel, heating, illumination . The demand for LPG is on an exponential raise day by day. The leaked gases when ignited may lead to explosion. The number of deaths due to explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years. Thus there is a need for a system to detect and also prevent leakage of LPG. Before the development of electronics household gas detectors in the 1980s gas presence was detected with a chemically infused paper that changed its color when exposed to the gas.
Since then, many technologies and devices have been developed to detect, monitor, and alert the leakage of a wide array of gases. Today, booking an LPG cylinder is now just a text message . Petroleum companies have launched the customer-friendly service called as IVRS (Interactive voice Response) technique for their customers.
Hence the requirement of an efficient system to measure and display the level of LPG is inevitable, which may be used for domestic purposes. Here we intend to propose a microcontroller based system where a gas sensor, MQ2 is used to detect dangerous gas leaks. This unit is incorporated into an alarm unit, to sound an alarm or give a visual indication of the LPG leakage. The sensor has good sensitivity combined with a quick response time at low cost. If leakage is detected, message to the authorized person or family member using cellular network called GSM is sent automatically. It also provides a feature to measure weight of LPG cylinder with its value on LCD display. A gas quantity of less or by sending a message to refill the cylinder
POWER SUPPLY
A power supply is a device or system that supplies electrical group of loads. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy supplies, less often to mechanical ones, and rarely to others.The transformer steps up or steps down the input line voltage and isolates the power supply from the power line. The RECTIFIER section converts the alternating current input signal to a pulsating direct current. For this reason a FILTER section is used to convert pulsating dc to a purer, more desirable form of dc voltage.
The final section, the REGULATOR, does just what the name implies. It maintains the output of the power supply at a constant level in spite of large
changes in load current or input line voltages.
PIC16F877A MICROCONTROLLER
The high performance of the PIC microcontroller devices can be attributed to a number of architectural features commonly found in RISC microprocessors.
These include:
• Harvard architecture
• Long Word Instructions
• Sing
le Word Instructions
• Single Cycle Instructions
• Instructi
on Pipelining
• Reduced Instruction Set
• Register Fil
e Architecture
• Orthogonal (Symmetric) Instruc
tions
Sensors
GAS SENSOR
CARBON DIOXIDE SENSOR
GAS SENORS
A carbon dioxide sensor or CO2 sensor is an instrument for the measurement of carbon dioxide gas. The most common principles for CO2 sensors are infrared gas sensors (NDIR) and chemical gas sensors. Measuring carbon dioxide is important in monitoring indoor air quality, the function of the lungs in the form of a capnograph device, and many industrial processes.
This is a simple to use LPG Gas Sensor Module which can sense the presence of combustible gases mainly LPG, isobutene, and propane in the air. The module uses our MQ-6 sensor. It simplifies interface to the odd pin spacing of the sensor and provides interface through 4 0.1" header pins. It provides both an analog output corresponding to the concentration of the gases in the air and an easy to use digital output. The onboard potentiometer can be used to set the maximum gas concentration beyond which the digital output gets triggered. Just power the module with 5V, set the threshold and you may get the output! An onboard LED signals the presence of any gas. The digital output can be easily interfaced to microcontrollers and other circuits. The analog output ca n be
hooked up to an ADC of a microcontroller to get a wide range of sensor reading.
INFRARED SENSOR
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiations. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, that can be detected by an infrared sensor.The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, The resistances and these output voltages, change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received. IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select
light wavelength in the Infra-Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results in a large jump in the intensity, which we already know can be detected using a threshold.
LOAD CELL
A load cell is a transducer that is used to create an electrical signal whose magnitude is directly proportional to the force being measured.
The various types of load cells include hydraulic load cells, pneumatic load cells and strain gauge load cell.
Through a mechanical construction, the force being sensed deforms
a strain gauge. The strain gauge measures the deformation (strain) as a change in electrical resistance, which is a measure of the strain and hence the applied
Through a mechanical construction, the force being sensed deforms a strain gauge. The strain gauge measures the deformation (strain) as a change in electrical resistance, which is a measure of the strain and hence the applied forces. A load cell usually consists of four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. Load cells of one strain gauge (quarter bridge) or two strain gauges (half bridge) are also available.[1] The electrical signal output is typically in the order of a few millivolts and requires amplification by an instrumentation amplifier before it can be used. The output of the transducer can be scaled to calculate the force applied to the transducer. Sometimes a high resolution ADC, typically 24-bit, can be used directly.
GSM Modem
RELAY
A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts. It was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835. Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit, it can be considered, in a broad sense, to be a form of an electrical amplifier. Relays are components which allow a low- power circuit to switch a relatively high current on and off, or to control signals that must be electrically isolated from the controlling circuit itself. To make a relay operate, you have to pass a suitable pull-in and holding current (DC) through its energizing coil. And generally relay coils are designed to operate from a particular supply voltage - often 12V or 5V, in the case of many of the small relays used for electronics work.
BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric.Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
APPLICATIONS
While technological advancements have caused buzzers to be impractical and undesirable, there are still instances in which buzzers and similar circuits may be used. Present day applications include:
Novelty uses
Educational purposes
Annunciator panels
Electronic metronomes
Game show lock-out device
Microwave ovens and other household appliances
Sporting events such as basketball games
Electrical alarms
Joy buzzer- a mechanical buzzer used for pranks
PROTOTYPE OF HARDWARE
Load cell continuously measures the weight of the gas. If the level of the gas is reduced below a specified kg it is sensed by the gas sensor and it will send the information to the microcontroller then it will be displayed to us in the lcd display in additional to that gsm module is used to send the information to the user through the sms and also it will pass this message also to the gas booking office. In additional to the automatic gas booking Fire sensor senses the leakage in the gas and send the information to the microcontroller then the relay circuit will close the supply of the gas and buzzer will sound to intimate to the user and also pass the information to the gas office about the leakage with identification message using gsm module. So that if gas is going to finish then it will automatically book the new cylinder in time to use and also leakage detection is checked so the home safety is maintained from firing incidents.
This proposed system mainly for the home safety maintaining purpose by using various equipment this can be achieved. Load cell and sensor are the main block which act as an input which is given to the micro controller and accordingly this will act based on the coding dumped depends upon the task taking place and then it will give the output based on it.The output part is lcd display and gsm module which solves the issues obtained during the operation.so that it will help for the user to be free from the issues in booking and leakage detection of the gas which is done automatically.
CONCLUSION
A cost-effective gas leakage detection system was proposed, designed and successfully implemented in this paper. Along with gas leakage detection, this system gives a fully automated approach towards the gas booking. Real time weight measurement of the gas and its display on LCD makes it an efficient home security system and also can be used in industries and other places to detect gas leaks. The cost involved in developing the system is significantly low and is much less than the cost of gas detectors. Safety is a major concern in today’s life. Currently there are so many approaches available for LPG leakage detection and automatic booking. To extract the feature we will advance the system by using the new approach to increase the performance of system. Here in this paper we have given a new approach using contactor and regulator motor which will not only be simpler but also more efficient when applied. The cost involved in developing the system is significantly low and is much less than the cost of gas detectors commercially available in the market.