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Touch Screen Technology

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ABSTRACT

A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence & location of a touch within the display area. The term generally means touching the display of the device with a finger, hand or other passive devices such as stylus. This technology has two main attributes. First it enables one to interact with what is displayed & secondly it lets one to do so without requiring any intermediate device that would need to be held in the hand. They also play a prominent role in design of digital appliances such as personal digital assistant (PDA), satellite navigation devices, mobile phones, video games etc. There are a variety of touchscreen technologies such as “Resistive”,”Surface Acoustic Wave” (SAW), and “Capacitive”. Different technologies may be used to determine the location of touch by different means. Then location is sent to the controller for processing. The SAW technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over touch screen panel. The Capacitive touchscreen panel consists of an insulator coated with a transparent conductor (such as Indium Tin Oxide ITO). Touch screen is a developing technology. The development of multipoint touchscreen facilitated the tracking of more fingers than one finger on the screen thus the operations that require more than one finger are possible. These devices also allow multiple users to interact with the touchscreen simultaneously. With the growing field of touchscreen the marginal cost of this technology is decreasing.
A touch screen is an input and output device normally laminated to the top of an electronic visual display of an information processing system. A user can input or control the information processing system through simple or multi-touch gestures by tapping the screen with a special pen or one or more fingers. Some touch screens use ordinary or specially coated gloves to work on, while others can only work with a special pen or pencil. The user can use the touch screen to react to what is displayed and, if the software allows, to control how it is displayed; for example, zoom to increase the text size.

The touch screen allows the user to interact directly with what is displayed, rather than using a mouse, touchpad or other similar devices (other than a stylus, which is optional for most modern touch screens).

Touch screens are common in devices such as game consoles, personal computers, tablet computers, electronic voting machines, point of sale (POS) systems, and smartphones. They can also be connected to computers or, as terminals, to networks. They play a prominent role in the design of digital devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and some electronic readers.

The popularity of smartphones, tablets and many types of information devices is driving the demand and acceptance of common touch screens for portable and functional electronics. Touch screens are in the medical field, heavy industry, ATMs and kiosks, such as museum exhibitions or room automation, where keyboard and mouse systems do not allow intuitive, fast or accurate user interaction with the contents of the screen.

Historically, the touch screen sensor and its corresponding controller-based firmware have been made available by a wide range of aftermarket system integrators and not by manufacturers of screens, chips or motherboards. Screen manufacturers and chip makers have recognized the trend towards the acceptance of touch screens as a user interface component and have begun to integrate touch screens into the fundamental design of their products.