26-06-2014, 10:09 AM
Implementation Of Cogeneration Technique In Textile Industry For Energy Conservation
[attachment=65344]
Abstract
Energy means any form of energy derived from fossil fuels, nuclear substances, Hydro-electricity and includes electricity generated from renewable sources of energy or biomass connected to grid. Energy conservation is the reduction of quantity of energy used. Energy conservation supports the eco friendly lifestyle by providing energy, which saves the money and at the same time saves the earth. A vast majority of the Asian countries has yet to tap the existing cogeneration potential to the maximum. Considering the rapid industrial growth in many parts of the region, one would expect many more new process industries and commercial buildings to be added to the existing stock within a short span of time [1]. Owners of existing as well as new industries and commercial buildings will benefit from these schemes by having access to low-cost and more reliable energy supplies. This paper deals with a comparison study on the aspects of energy economics in textile industry using conventional system and cogeneration system.
Introduction
Energy is one of the critical inputs for economic development of any country. Developing countries like India accounts for only 40 % of world’s total energy consumption, while constituting 80 % of world’s total population. The Government of India has planned to double its installed capacity by 2020 to meet the exponentially increasing power requirement. Energy conservation and Energy efficiency are presently the most powerful tools in our transition to a clean energy future [2]. Energy is mainly required to run manufacturing units, factories, machines, automobiles, homes (for example, electricity for heating and lighting) and so on. This energy is provided by fuel such as coal and oil [3]. Producing energy is expensive. Producing energy from fuels such as coal and oil is also harmful to the environment because it leads to
Cogeneration
The simultaneous generation of electricity and heat in the form of steam, typically where the need for both arises for industrial or commercial purposes and where the steam is generated by utilizing the waste heat from electricity generation
Why Cogeneration
Thermal power plants are a major source of electricity supply in India. The conventional method of power generation and supply to the customer is wasteful in the sense that only about a third of the primary energy fed into the power plant is actually made available to the user in the form of electricity. In conventional power plant, efficiency is only 35% and remaining 65% of energy is lost. The major source of loss in the conversion process is the heat rejected to the surrounding water or air due to the inherent constraints of the different thermodynamic cycles employed in power generation. Also further losses of around 10-15% are associated with the transmission and distribution of electricity in the electrical grid. In a conventional fossil fuel fired power plant, maximum fuel efficiency of about 35% is achieved. Maximum heat loss occurs by way of the heat rejection in a steam condenser where a straight condensing steam turbine is used[1]. Some
Merits of Cogeneration
Cogeneration results more efficient use of fuel, and corresponding reductions in the emissions of SO2, NOx and CO2. 2.One often misleadingly compares the efficiency of cogeneration around 85% with the efficiency of power generation facilities (i.e. condensing power plants) in the order of 40%. For a correct comparison, one must take the weighted average of the efficiency of power and heat production and compare it with the efficiency of cogeneration. 3.With separate production of heat in modern boilers, efficiency will be significantly above 85%, and with condensing gas boilers even close to 100%. For condensing power stations, such as gas-fired combined-cycle plants, whose market share can only increase, efficiency approaches 60%. As a result, the advantages of cogeneration have a tendency to decrease.
Implementation of Cogeneration System in Textile Industry: A. Overview
The Indian textile Industry is currently one of the largest and most important sectors in the economy in terms of output, foreign exchange earnings and employment in India. Textiles account for 20 per cent of India’s industrial production and around 35 per cent of its export earnings. The total production of fabrics in all the three sectors combined was around 42 billion square meters, with 59 % of the total fabric production produced by the power loom sector, 19 % by the handloom sector, 17 % by the knit yarn sector, and the rest by the organized mill sector [2]. The textile industry is a self -reliant industry from the production of raw materials to the delivery of final products with considerable value addition at each stage of processing.
AGING
The alkali cellulose is aged under
controlled conditions of 18-30°C in order to
depolymerize the cellulose to the desired degree of
polymerization. In this step the average molecular
weight of the original pulp is reduced by a factor of
two to three
XANTHATION
In this step the aged alkali cellulose crumbs
are placed in vats and are allowed to react with
carbon disulphide under controlled temperature (20
to 30° C) to form cellulose xanthate viscous orange
colored solution called "viscose", which is the basis
for the manufacturing process is produced
DISSOLVING
The yellow crumb is dissolved in aqueous
caustic solution. The large xanthate substituents on
the cellulose force the chains apart, reducing the
interchain hydrogen bonds and allowing water
molecules to solvate and separate the chains
DRAWING
The rayon filaments are stretched while the cellulose chains are still relatively mobile. This causes the chains to stretch out and orient along the fiber axis. Washing the freshly regenerated rayon contains many salts and other water soluble impurities which need to be removed
Conclusion
Conservation and efficient utilization of energy resources play a vital role in narrowing the gap between demand and supply of energy. Energy conservation is the quickest, cheapest and most practical method of overcoming energy shortage. Many communications consider the development of cogeneration, next to more use of renewable energy as one of the most important instrument for CO2 reduction. Decentralized cogeneration is considered of paramount importance. The feasibility of installing Cogeneration in a Textile mill with processing capability is studied and the results favor the setting up of a cogeneration facility with a payback period of 2 to 3 years. This study clearly shows that in the economical point of view and the energy saving potential point o f view the proposal system satisfies the entire requirement and hence the setting up of Cogeneration facility is recommended. It is encouraging to note that there are already a large number of cogeneration plants which have been commissioned in some Asian countries in the last decade or so. Considering the developments that can be expected, decentralized cogeneration facilities are unlikely to play the role attributed to them by 2020 in many studies
[attachment=65344]
Abstract
Energy means any form of energy derived from fossil fuels, nuclear substances, Hydro-electricity and includes electricity generated from renewable sources of energy or biomass connected to grid. Energy conservation is the reduction of quantity of energy used. Energy conservation supports the eco friendly lifestyle by providing energy, which saves the money and at the same time saves the earth. A vast majority of the Asian countries has yet to tap the existing cogeneration potential to the maximum. Considering the rapid industrial growth in many parts of the region, one would expect many more new process industries and commercial buildings to be added to the existing stock within a short span of time [1]. Owners of existing as well as new industries and commercial buildings will benefit from these schemes by having access to low-cost and more reliable energy supplies. This paper deals with a comparison study on the aspects of energy economics in textile industry using conventional system and cogeneration system.
Introduction
Energy is one of the critical inputs for economic development of any country. Developing countries like India accounts for only 40 % of world’s total energy consumption, while constituting 80 % of world’s total population. The Government of India has planned to double its installed capacity by 2020 to meet the exponentially increasing power requirement. Energy conservation and Energy efficiency are presently the most powerful tools in our transition to a clean energy future [2]. Energy is mainly required to run manufacturing units, factories, machines, automobiles, homes (for example, electricity for heating and lighting) and so on. This energy is provided by fuel such as coal and oil [3]. Producing energy is expensive. Producing energy from fuels such as coal and oil is also harmful to the environment because it leads to
Cogeneration
The simultaneous generation of electricity and heat in the form of steam, typically where the need for both arises for industrial or commercial purposes and where the steam is generated by utilizing the waste heat from electricity generation
Why Cogeneration
Thermal power plants are a major source of electricity supply in India. The conventional method of power generation and supply to the customer is wasteful in the sense that only about a third of the primary energy fed into the power plant is actually made available to the user in the form of electricity. In conventional power plant, efficiency is only 35% and remaining 65% of energy is lost. The major source of loss in the conversion process is the heat rejected to the surrounding water or air due to the inherent constraints of the different thermodynamic cycles employed in power generation. Also further losses of around 10-15% are associated with the transmission and distribution of electricity in the electrical grid. In a conventional fossil fuel fired power plant, maximum fuel efficiency of about 35% is achieved. Maximum heat loss occurs by way of the heat rejection in a steam condenser where a straight condensing steam turbine is used[1]. Some
Merits of Cogeneration
Cogeneration results more efficient use of fuel, and corresponding reductions in the emissions of SO2, NOx and CO2. 2.One often misleadingly compares the efficiency of cogeneration around 85% with the efficiency of power generation facilities (i.e. condensing power plants) in the order of 40%. For a correct comparison, one must take the weighted average of the efficiency of power and heat production and compare it with the efficiency of cogeneration. 3.With separate production of heat in modern boilers, efficiency will be significantly above 85%, and with condensing gas boilers even close to 100%. For condensing power stations, such as gas-fired combined-cycle plants, whose market share can only increase, efficiency approaches 60%. As a result, the advantages of cogeneration have a tendency to decrease.
Implementation of Cogeneration System in Textile Industry: A. Overview
The Indian textile Industry is currently one of the largest and most important sectors in the economy in terms of output, foreign exchange earnings and employment in India. Textiles account for 20 per cent of India’s industrial production and around 35 per cent of its export earnings. The total production of fabrics in all the three sectors combined was around 42 billion square meters, with 59 % of the total fabric production produced by the power loom sector, 19 % by the handloom sector, 17 % by the knit yarn sector, and the rest by the organized mill sector [2]. The textile industry is a self -reliant industry from the production of raw materials to the delivery of final products with considerable value addition at each stage of processing.
AGING
The alkali cellulose is aged under
controlled conditions of 18-30°C in order to
depolymerize the cellulose to the desired degree of
polymerization. In this step the average molecular
weight of the original pulp is reduced by a factor of
two to three
XANTHATION
In this step the aged alkali cellulose crumbs
are placed in vats and are allowed to react with
carbon disulphide under controlled temperature (20
to 30° C) to form cellulose xanthate viscous orange
colored solution called "viscose", which is the basis
for the manufacturing process is produced
DISSOLVING
The yellow crumb is dissolved in aqueous
caustic solution. The large xanthate substituents on
the cellulose force the chains apart, reducing the
interchain hydrogen bonds and allowing water
molecules to solvate and separate the chains
DRAWING
The rayon filaments are stretched while the cellulose chains are still relatively mobile. This causes the chains to stretch out and orient along the fiber axis. Washing the freshly regenerated rayon contains many salts and other water soluble impurities which need to be removed
Conclusion
Conservation and efficient utilization of energy resources play a vital role in narrowing the gap between demand and supply of energy. Energy conservation is the quickest, cheapest and most practical method of overcoming energy shortage. Many communications consider the development of cogeneration, next to more use of renewable energy as one of the most important instrument for CO2 reduction. Decentralized cogeneration is considered of paramount importance. The feasibility of installing Cogeneration in a Textile mill with processing capability is studied and the results favor the setting up of a cogeneration facility with a payback period of 2 to 3 years. This study clearly shows that in the economical point of view and the energy saving potential point o f view the proposal system satisfies the entire requirement and hence the setting up of Cogeneration facility is recommended. It is encouraging to note that there are already a large number of cogeneration plants which have been commissioned in some Asian countries in the last decade or so. Considering the developments that can be expected, decentralized cogeneration facilities are unlikely to play the role attributed to them by 2020 in many studies