19-07-2014, 10:03 AM
NDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMER FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM
[attachment=65984]
ABSTRACT
The main aim of this projects is to monitor the transformer output value continuously with the referenced value and if it exceeds the predefined value, then the fault will be detected and the system automatically turns off.
The power comes to the house from the power plant. This power is useful in homes or anywhere only when it is stepped down to the household value and then can be distributed all along. The stepping down of the power may happen in several phases. The stepping down of the power will be carried out in power substations. The substation consists of transformers that steps voltages in the range of tens or hundreds of thousands of volts down to the voltages less than hundreds of volts.
The substation system contains circuit breakers and switches so that the substation can be disconnected whenever necessary. In this projects the transformer automatically getting off when the load increases. We can read overload condition with ADC and the voltage will be displayed on LCD.
Buzzer indication is given by the system whenever the transformer exceeds the predefine value of the load.
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, sometimes with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems have become very important today as they control many of the common devices we use.
Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product, or increasing the reliability and performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants. Complexity varies from low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
We are living in the Embedded World. You are surrounded with many embedded products and your daily life largely depends on the proper functioning of these gadgets. Television, Radio, CD player of your living room, Washing Machine or Microwave Oven in your kitchen, Card readers, Access Controllers, Palm devices of your work space enable you to do many of your tasks very effectively. Apart from all these, many controllers embedded in your car take care of car operations between the bumpers and most of the times you tend to ignore all these controllers.
In recent days, you are showered with variety of information about these embedded controllers in many places. All kinds of magazines and journals regularly dish out details about latest technologies, new devices; fast applications which make you believe that your basic survival is controlled by these embedded products. Now you can agree to the fact that these embedded products have successfully invaded into our world. You must be wondering about these embedded controllers or systems. What is this Embedded System?
Electronics applications and consumer devices
As the number of powerful embedded processors in consumer devices continues to rise, the Blue Cat® Linux® operating system provides a highly reliable and royalty-free option for systems designers.
And as the wireless appliance revolution rolls on, web-enabled navigation systems, radios, personal communication devices, phones and PDAs all benefit from the cost-effective dependability, proven stability and full product life-cycle support opportunities associated with Blue Cat embedded Linux. Blue Cat has teamed up with industry leaders to make it easier to build Linux mobile phones with Java integration.
ADC(0808)
ADC0808 is an 8 bit analog to digital converter with eight input analog channels, i.e., it can take eight different analog inputs. The input which is to be converted to digital form can be selected by using three address lines. The voltage reference can be set using the Vref+ and Vref- pins. The step size is decided based on set reference value. Step size is the change in analog input to cause a unit change in the output of ADC. The default step size is 19.53mV corresponding to 5V reference voltage. ADC0808 needs an external clock to operate unlike ADC0804 which has an internal clock. The ADC needs some specific control signals for its operations like start conversion and bring data to output pins. When the conversion is complete the EOC pins goes low to indicate the end of conversion and data ready to be picked up.
General Description
The ADC0808, ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register. The 8-channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals. The device eliminates the need for external zero and fullscale adjustments. Easy interfacing to microprocessors is provided by the latched and decoded multiplexer address inputs and latched TTL TRI-STATEÉ outputs. The design of the ADC0808, ADC0809 has been optimized by incorporating the most desirable aspects of several A/D conversion techniques. The ADC0808, ADC0809 offers high speed, high accuracy, minimal temperature dependence, excellent long-term accuracy and repeatability, and consumes minimal power. These features make this device ideally suited to applications from process and machine control to consumer and automotive applications. For 16-channel multiplexer with common output (sample/hold port) see ADC0816 data sheet. (See AN-247 for more information
[attachment=65984]
ABSTRACT
The main aim of this projects is to monitor the transformer output value continuously with the referenced value and if it exceeds the predefined value, then the fault will be detected and the system automatically turns off.
The power comes to the house from the power plant. This power is useful in homes or anywhere only when it is stepped down to the household value and then can be distributed all along. The stepping down of the power may happen in several phases. The stepping down of the power will be carried out in power substations. The substation consists of transformers that steps voltages in the range of tens or hundreds of thousands of volts down to the voltages less than hundreds of volts.
The substation system contains circuit breakers and switches so that the substation can be disconnected whenever necessary. In this projects the transformer automatically getting off when the load increases. We can read overload condition with ADC and the voltage will be displayed on LCD.
Buzzer indication is given by the system whenever the transformer exceeds the predefine value of the load.
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, sometimes with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems have become very important today as they control many of the common devices we use.
Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product, or increasing the reliability and performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants. Complexity varies from low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
We are living in the Embedded World. You are surrounded with many embedded products and your daily life largely depends on the proper functioning of these gadgets. Television, Radio, CD player of your living room, Washing Machine or Microwave Oven in your kitchen, Card readers, Access Controllers, Palm devices of your work space enable you to do many of your tasks very effectively. Apart from all these, many controllers embedded in your car take care of car operations between the bumpers and most of the times you tend to ignore all these controllers.
In recent days, you are showered with variety of information about these embedded controllers in many places. All kinds of magazines and journals regularly dish out details about latest technologies, new devices; fast applications which make you believe that your basic survival is controlled by these embedded products. Now you can agree to the fact that these embedded products have successfully invaded into our world. You must be wondering about these embedded controllers or systems. What is this Embedded System?
Electronics applications and consumer devices
As the number of powerful embedded processors in consumer devices continues to rise, the Blue Cat® Linux® operating system provides a highly reliable and royalty-free option for systems designers.
And as the wireless appliance revolution rolls on, web-enabled navigation systems, radios, personal communication devices, phones and PDAs all benefit from the cost-effective dependability, proven stability and full product life-cycle support opportunities associated with Blue Cat embedded Linux. Blue Cat has teamed up with industry leaders to make it easier to build Linux mobile phones with Java integration.
ADC(0808)
ADC0808 is an 8 bit analog to digital converter with eight input analog channels, i.e., it can take eight different analog inputs. The input which is to be converted to digital form can be selected by using three address lines. The voltage reference can be set using the Vref+ and Vref- pins. The step size is decided based on set reference value. Step size is the change in analog input to cause a unit change in the output of ADC. The default step size is 19.53mV corresponding to 5V reference voltage. ADC0808 needs an external clock to operate unlike ADC0804 which has an internal clock. The ADC needs some specific control signals for its operations like start conversion and bring data to output pins. When the conversion is complete the EOC pins goes low to indicate the end of conversion and data ready to be picked up.
General Description
The ADC0808, ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register. The 8-channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals. The device eliminates the need for external zero and fullscale adjustments. Easy interfacing to microprocessors is provided by the latched and decoded multiplexer address inputs and latched TTL TRI-STATEÉ outputs. The design of the ADC0808, ADC0809 has been optimized by incorporating the most desirable aspects of several A/D conversion techniques. The ADC0808, ADC0809 offers high speed, high accuracy, minimal temperature dependence, excellent long-term accuracy and repeatability, and consumes minimal power. These features make this device ideally suited to applications from process and machine control to consumer and automotive applications. For 16-channel multiplexer with common output (sample/hold port) see ADC0816 data sheet. (See AN-247 for more information