23-07-2014, 04:34 PM
The Flexible Bus Systems Using Zigbee as a Communication Medium
[attachment=66169]
Abstract
This paper describes a research on The Flexible Bus
Systems (FBS) using Zigbee as a communication medium. The
Flexible Bus System is a demand responsive transit (DRT) but it
is more efficient and convenient in a sense that it entertains
passenger’s demands and gives bus locations in real time. The
real time synchronization of The Flexible Bus System makes it
information rich and unique as compared to other DRTs. The
Flexible Bus Systems is a system that can replace the Traditional
Bus Systems with its flexibility and efficiency. This paper
discusses the use of wireless technologies in The Flexible Bus
Systems and how to make it more reliable using short range
wireless technology Zigbee.
INTRODUCTION
The main objective of this paper is to do a research on the use
of short range wireless technology called “Zigbee” in Demand
Responsive Transit (DRT), making it much more efficient,
reliable and less expensive. This research is not the only way
to develop this kind of a system and by no means suggested
the best solution but it can definitely be one of the better
alternatives we have till date and can be used in the areas
where there are no 3G, WiMax or other long range wireless
technologies available. This research will also help us
understand the potential of Zigbee. Till now Zigbee is being
used as in-house or in-vehicle technology but this research
brings an idea of using Zigbee as communication tool for
Inter-Vehicle and Vehicle to Infrastructure. Using Zigbee to
communicate between Bus and the Bus Stop will also reduce
the total cost of the system as Zigbee devices are far cheaper
than WiFi, 3G and WiMax devices. Due to the fact that
Zigbee is low power as compared to other short range wireless
technologies like WiFi, this system can be deployed in
mountainous areas where power is a major concern.
The algorithm of Flexible Bus System is devised in a way that
this system replaces the scheduled bus lines systems and buses
can dynamically change their routes according to passenger’s
demands. Passengers are informed about the real time location
of the buses which makes it easy for the passengers to decide
whether to ride a particular bus or not making this system
passenger friendly
PROPOSED ALGORITHM
The algorithm for this system is devised in such a way that
passengers have to wait less on the bus stops and buses drive
to the bus stops where passengers are waiting instead of
driving to the Bus Stops where there are no passengers.
Fig. 3 shows the algorithm flow for The Flexible Bus Systems.
Passenger after reaching the Bus Stop punches the RFID Card
and all the information (Passenger ID, Destination etc) is
transferred to Control Centre which then sends the info on
which Bus to ride. Similarly info for all the Buses are
transferred to Control Centre through Bus Stops and then
Route info for the Buses are transferred to Buses through the
Bus Stops. Navigation is installed in the bus which guides the
Buses about the routes.
ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION
Zigbee Communication between Bus and Bus Stops are the
major concern of this paper. The reason Zigbee is given
priority over the other short range wireless technologies like
WiFi is that in this research only few bytes of data is to be
transferred using short range wireless technologies, no heavy
data like Audio or Video is transferred so Zigbee seems to be
a good alternative to WiFi which offers heavy data transfer.
With heavy data comes more power consumption which can
be a concern in rural areas where power is not easily available.
As described earlier Buses and Bus Stops are going to
communicate with each other through Zigbee. Since Control
Centre is aware of all the ongoing and carrying all the
information about all the buses and bus stops, the information
is first transferred to corresponding bus stop about the
upcoming bus. Bus Stops and Control Centre are always
connected to each other through the internet (Wired or
Wireless) so information between Bus Stops and Control
Centre can be easily shared.
Major concern is the transfer of information between the Bus
Stops and Buses and that is to be done through Zigbee. This is
the core of this research and so the information transfer
between the Buses and the Bus Stops are carefully thought of.
Fig. 6 shows the sequence of information transfer between
Buses and the Bus Stops through Zigbee.
CONDUCTED EXPERIMENTS
Different experiments are performed to check whether Zigbee
is suited for this kind of System (Intelligent Bus Systems) or
not. Below are the details of experiments. All the experiments
are conducted using Max Stream Xbee Pro.
Below are the conditions in which experiments are conducted.
• Maximum distance between Xbee Bus and Xbee Bus
stop is 100m with maximum height of 2m.
• Maximum No. of Bytes sent is 7 Bytes.
• Experiments are conducted using the Data Transfer
Sequence shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
Three types of experiments are conducted to check the
eligibility of Zigbee for The Flexible Bus Systems.
[attachment=66169]
Abstract
This paper describes a research on The Flexible Bus
Systems (FBS) using Zigbee as a communication medium. The
Flexible Bus System is a demand responsive transit (DRT) but it
is more efficient and convenient in a sense that it entertains
passenger’s demands and gives bus locations in real time. The
real time synchronization of The Flexible Bus System makes it
information rich and unique as compared to other DRTs. The
Flexible Bus Systems is a system that can replace the Traditional
Bus Systems with its flexibility and efficiency. This paper
discusses the use of wireless technologies in The Flexible Bus
Systems and how to make it more reliable using short range
wireless technology Zigbee.
INTRODUCTION
The main objective of this paper is to do a research on the use
of short range wireless technology called “Zigbee” in Demand
Responsive Transit (DRT), making it much more efficient,
reliable and less expensive. This research is not the only way
to develop this kind of a system and by no means suggested
the best solution but it can definitely be one of the better
alternatives we have till date and can be used in the areas
where there are no 3G, WiMax or other long range wireless
technologies available. This research will also help us
understand the potential of Zigbee. Till now Zigbee is being
used as in-house or in-vehicle technology but this research
brings an idea of using Zigbee as communication tool for
Inter-Vehicle and Vehicle to Infrastructure. Using Zigbee to
communicate between Bus and the Bus Stop will also reduce
the total cost of the system as Zigbee devices are far cheaper
than WiFi, 3G and WiMax devices. Due to the fact that
Zigbee is low power as compared to other short range wireless
technologies like WiFi, this system can be deployed in
mountainous areas where power is a major concern.
The algorithm of Flexible Bus System is devised in a way that
this system replaces the scheduled bus lines systems and buses
can dynamically change their routes according to passenger’s
demands. Passengers are informed about the real time location
of the buses which makes it easy for the passengers to decide
whether to ride a particular bus or not making this system
passenger friendly
PROPOSED ALGORITHM
The algorithm for this system is devised in such a way that
passengers have to wait less on the bus stops and buses drive
to the bus stops where passengers are waiting instead of
driving to the Bus Stops where there are no passengers.
Fig. 3 shows the algorithm flow for The Flexible Bus Systems.
Passenger after reaching the Bus Stop punches the RFID Card
and all the information (Passenger ID, Destination etc) is
transferred to Control Centre which then sends the info on
which Bus to ride. Similarly info for all the Buses are
transferred to Control Centre through Bus Stops and then
Route info for the Buses are transferred to Buses through the
Bus Stops. Navigation is installed in the bus which guides the
Buses about the routes.
ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION
Zigbee Communication between Bus and Bus Stops are the
major concern of this paper. The reason Zigbee is given
priority over the other short range wireless technologies like
WiFi is that in this research only few bytes of data is to be
transferred using short range wireless technologies, no heavy
data like Audio or Video is transferred so Zigbee seems to be
a good alternative to WiFi which offers heavy data transfer.
With heavy data comes more power consumption which can
be a concern in rural areas where power is not easily available.
As described earlier Buses and Bus Stops are going to
communicate with each other through Zigbee. Since Control
Centre is aware of all the ongoing and carrying all the
information about all the buses and bus stops, the information
is first transferred to corresponding bus stop about the
upcoming bus. Bus Stops and Control Centre are always
connected to each other through the internet (Wired or
Wireless) so information between Bus Stops and Control
Centre can be easily shared.
Major concern is the transfer of information between the Bus
Stops and Buses and that is to be done through Zigbee. This is
the core of this research and so the information transfer
between the Buses and the Bus Stops are carefully thought of.
Fig. 6 shows the sequence of information transfer between
Buses and the Bus Stops through Zigbee.
CONDUCTED EXPERIMENTS
Different experiments are performed to check whether Zigbee
is suited for this kind of System (Intelligent Bus Systems) or
not. Below are the details of experiments. All the experiments
are conducted using Max Stream Xbee Pro.
Below are the conditions in which experiments are conducted.
• Maximum distance between Xbee Bus and Xbee Bus
stop is 100m with maximum height of 2m.
• Maximum No. of Bytes sent is 7 Bytes.
• Experiments are conducted using the Data Transfer
Sequence shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
Three types of experiments are conducted to check the
eligibility of Zigbee for The Flexible Bus Systems.