26-07-2014, 01:52 PM
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF FIBER REINFORCEMENT POLYMER
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ABSTRACT
This paper deals with design of composite leaf spring and sandwich composite leaf spring then the model is analyzed for the result of deflection, maximum bending stress induced for both material under same conditions. This paper mainly focusing to use the sandwich composite leaf spring comparing composite & conventional leaf spring. The model of the leaf spring is designed using modeling software and analysis is done using ANSYS10.0 software. Comparing with full epoxy material, steel inserted structure is better in design aspect of stress and deflection. There is 19% improvement in displacement and 27% improvement in bending stress in epoxy and steel sieve combination. In composite leaf spring having more deflection and also more bending stress under normal condition but in our designed sandwich spring has minimum deflection and bending stress. Hence it is works under safe mode of deflection and bending stress
while comparing with fully reinforced composite leaf spring. From the results, it is observed that the composite leaf spring is lighter and more economical than the conventional steel spring with similar design specifications. Excellent corrosion resistance against atmospheric pollutants. Fully interchangeable with the conventional spring without modifications Five times stronger than conventional metal leaf springs.
INTRODUCTION:
PROBLEM DEFINTION
In leaf spring the major problem is weight which is not supported by the suspension system in heavy duty vehicles. Fatigue strength is also high. Shock absorption also occurs. And low fuel efficiency and life of the spring is very low.
LEAF SPRING
A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicle. It is also one of the oldest forms of springing, dating back to medieval times. The advantages of leaf spring over helical spring are that the end of the springs may be guided along a definite path. The center of the arc provides location for the axle, while tie holes are provided at either end for attaching to the vehicle body. For very heavy vehicles, a leaf spring can be made from several leaves stacked on top of each other on several layers, often with progressively shorter leaves.Leaf springs can serve locating and to some extent damping as well as springing functions. There were a variety of leaf springs, usually employing the word “elliptical”.“ Elliptical” or “full elliptical” leaf springs referred to two circular arcs linked at their tips. It takes the form of a slender arc-shaped length of spring steel of rectangular cross-section. The center of the arc provides location for the axle, while tie holes are provided at either end for attaching to the vehicle body. For very heavy vehicles ,a leaf spring can be made from several leaves stacked on top of each other in several layers,often with progressively shorter leaves. Leaf springs can serve locating and to some extent damping as well as springing functions. While the inter leaf friction provides a damping section.
COMPOSITES
A composite is a combination of two or more materials having compositional variations and depicting properties distinctively different from those of the individual materials of the composite. The composite material is generally better than any of the individual components as regards their strength, heat resistance or stiffness. Each of these constituent materials or ingredients play an important role in the processing and final performance of the product. The resin or polymer is the “glue” that holds the composite together and influences the physical properties of the end product. The reinforced provides the mechanical strength.
FIBER
The fiber is a filament or threaded like piece of any materials. Fibres are the principal constituents in a fiber reinforced composite material. They occupy the largest volume fraction in a composite laminate and share the major portion of the load acting on a composite structure.
GLASSFIBERS
Based on a alumina-lime-borosilicate composition, “E”glass produced fibers are considered the predominate reinforcement for polymer matrix composites due to their high electrical insulating properties, low susceptibility to moisture and high mechanical properties. Other commercial compositions include “S”glass, with higher strength, heat resistance and modulus, as well as some specialized glass reinforcements with improved chemical resistance, such as AR glass (alkali resistant).
EPOXIES
Epoxies represent some of the most versatile resins available to the composite manufacturer. Epoxy resins have a well established record in a wide range of composite parts, structures and concrete repair. The structure of the resin can be engineered to yield a number of different products with varying levels of performance. Starting materials for epoxy matrix are low –molecular weight organic liquid resins containing a number of epoxies groups which are the three member of rings of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. A major benefit of epoxy resins over unsaturated polyester resins is their lower shrinkage. Epoxy resins can also be formulated with different materials or blended with other epoxy resins to achieve specific performance features.
CONCLUSION
The sandwich composite leaf spring is designed according to variable cross-section area method. The 3-d model of sandwich leaf spring is analyzed using ANSYS software. The results of the sandwich leaf are comparing with existing normal leaf springs. From the results, it is observed that In composite leaf spring having more deflection and also more bending stress under normal load condition but in our designed sandwich spring has minimum deflection and bending stress. Hence it is works under safe mode of deflection and bending stress while comparing with fully reinforced composite leaf spring.
[attachment=66269]
ABSTRACT
This paper deals with design of composite leaf spring and sandwich composite leaf spring then the model is analyzed for the result of deflection, maximum bending stress induced for both material under same conditions. This paper mainly focusing to use the sandwich composite leaf spring comparing composite & conventional leaf spring. The model of the leaf spring is designed using modeling software and analysis is done using ANSYS10.0 software. Comparing with full epoxy material, steel inserted structure is better in design aspect of stress and deflection. There is 19% improvement in displacement and 27% improvement in bending stress in epoxy and steel sieve combination. In composite leaf spring having more deflection and also more bending stress under normal condition but in our designed sandwich spring has minimum deflection and bending stress. Hence it is works under safe mode of deflection and bending stress
while comparing with fully reinforced composite leaf spring. From the results, it is observed that the composite leaf spring is lighter and more economical than the conventional steel spring with similar design specifications. Excellent corrosion resistance against atmospheric pollutants. Fully interchangeable with the conventional spring without modifications Five times stronger than conventional metal leaf springs.
INTRODUCTION:
PROBLEM DEFINTION
In leaf spring the major problem is weight which is not supported by the suspension system in heavy duty vehicles. Fatigue strength is also high. Shock absorption also occurs. And low fuel efficiency and life of the spring is very low.
LEAF SPRING
A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicle. It is also one of the oldest forms of springing, dating back to medieval times. The advantages of leaf spring over helical spring are that the end of the springs may be guided along a definite path. The center of the arc provides location for the axle, while tie holes are provided at either end for attaching to the vehicle body. For very heavy vehicles, a leaf spring can be made from several leaves stacked on top of each other on several layers, often with progressively shorter leaves.Leaf springs can serve locating and to some extent damping as well as springing functions. There were a variety of leaf springs, usually employing the word “elliptical”.“ Elliptical” or “full elliptical” leaf springs referred to two circular arcs linked at their tips. It takes the form of a slender arc-shaped length of spring steel of rectangular cross-section. The center of the arc provides location for the axle, while tie holes are provided at either end for attaching to the vehicle body. For very heavy vehicles ,a leaf spring can be made from several leaves stacked on top of each other in several layers,often with progressively shorter leaves. Leaf springs can serve locating and to some extent damping as well as springing functions. While the inter leaf friction provides a damping section.
COMPOSITES
A composite is a combination of two or more materials having compositional variations and depicting properties distinctively different from those of the individual materials of the composite. The composite material is generally better than any of the individual components as regards their strength, heat resistance or stiffness. Each of these constituent materials or ingredients play an important role in the processing and final performance of the product. The resin or polymer is the “glue” that holds the composite together and influences the physical properties of the end product. The reinforced provides the mechanical strength.
FIBER
The fiber is a filament or threaded like piece of any materials. Fibres are the principal constituents in a fiber reinforced composite material. They occupy the largest volume fraction in a composite laminate and share the major portion of the load acting on a composite structure.
GLASSFIBERS
Based on a alumina-lime-borosilicate composition, “E”glass produced fibers are considered the predominate reinforcement for polymer matrix composites due to their high electrical insulating properties, low susceptibility to moisture and high mechanical properties. Other commercial compositions include “S”glass, with higher strength, heat resistance and modulus, as well as some specialized glass reinforcements with improved chemical resistance, such as AR glass (alkali resistant).
EPOXIES
Epoxies represent some of the most versatile resins available to the composite manufacturer. Epoxy resins have a well established record in a wide range of composite parts, structures and concrete repair. The structure of the resin can be engineered to yield a number of different products with varying levels of performance. Starting materials for epoxy matrix are low –molecular weight organic liquid resins containing a number of epoxies groups which are the three member of rings of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. A major benefit of epoxy resins over unsaturated polyester resins is their lower shrinkage. Epoxy resins can also be formulated with different materials or blended with other epoxy resins to achieve specific performance features.
CONCLUSION
The sandwich composite leaf spring is designed according to variable cross-section area method. The 3-d model of sandwich leaf spring is analyzed using ANSYS software. The results of the sandwich leaf are comparing with existing normal leaf springs. From the results, it is observed that In composite leaf spring having more deflection and also more bending stress under normal load condition but in our designed sandwich spring has minimum deflection and bending stress. Hence it is works under safe mode of deflection and bending stress while comparing with fully reinforced composite leaf spring.