seminar code
04-08-2014, 11:50 AM
Using the TMS320C24X DSP Controller for Optimal Digital Control
[attachment=66544]
Abstract
Although traditional microcontrollers include the necessary
peripherals to provide solutions for digital control applications,
they lack both the performance and architecture needed to
perform real-time, math-intensive, advanced control algorithms at
a desired bandwidth.
This application report describes the features of the Texas
Instruments (TI™) TMS320C24x digital signal processor (DSP), a
low cost, single chip solution for optimal digital control system
applications. This solution is a tribute to the integration of not only
a powerful DSP core, but also to its specialized digital control
circuit (known as the event manager) and a comprehensive set of
desired peripherals.
Because of the high bandwidth signal processing ability of the
DSP, this DSP controller can help designers easily achieve a
robust, precise, adaptive, and sensorless digital control system
Introduction
Saving energy has become a key concern because of the
continuing increase in energy usage. Increased efficiency reduces
capital spending by utility companies building additional power
plants, which in turn reduces utility costs for customers. To remain
competitive, power plant administrators are pressured not only to
reduce costs imposed by governments and power plant lobbies,
but also to answer to power consumption reduction and EMI
radiation reduction issues.
These constraining factors result in the need for enhanced
algorithms. In addition to system cost reduction, DSP technology
makes digital control more practical and also offers a high level of
performance.
The TI TMS320C240 DSP is part of a new generation of
processors addressing digital motor control and power conversion
optimization. The TMS320C240 is specifically designed for the
digital motor control and power conversion segments, combining a
16 bit fixed-point DSP core with microcontroller peripherals in a
single chip solution.
Analog Vs Digital Control Systems
Early solid state controls consisted of hardwired analog networks
built around operational amplifiers. Analog controls offer two
distinct advantages over digital systems:
q Higher speed control by processing input data in real time
q Higher resolution over wider bandwidths because of infinite
sampling rates
However, there are several drawbacks to analog systems:
q Aging and temperature can cause component variations,
which in turn causes the system to need regular adjustment.
q Analog systems have more physical parts than digital systems,
which reduces reliability and makes analog systems more
difficult to design (component tolerance issues).
q Upgrades are difficult because the design is hardwired.
Benefits of DSP-Based Control
The TMS320C24x DSP includes the same advantages as the
microcontroller but also offers higher speed, higher resolution, and
capabilities to implement the math-intensive algorithms to lower
the system cost. The high speed is attributable mainly to the dual
bus of the Harvard architecture as well as single-cycle
multiplication and addition instructions. One bus is used for data
and the other is used for program instructions. This saves time
because each is utilized simultaneously. Traditionally, cost has
been a potential disadvantage of the DSP solution, but this aspect
has diminished with the continuing decline of DSP costs.
DSP controllers enable enhanced, real-time algorithms as well as
sensorless control. The combination reduces the number of
components and optimizes the design of silicon to achieve a
system cost reduction.
DSPs are capable of processing data at much faster rates than
microcontrollers. For example, the speed of the DSP allows it to
estimate motor velocity, a task accomplished by a tachometer in
analog and microcontroller systems.
DSP-based controls offer the following additional benefits:
q Sharp-cutoff notch filters that eliminate narrow-band
mechanical resonance. Notch filters remove energy that would
otherwise excite resonant modes and possibly make the
system unstable.
q Diagnostic monitoring achieved by the fast Fourier transform
(FFT) of spectrum analysis. By observing the frequency
spectrum of mechanical vibrations, failure modes can be
predicted in early stages.
q Adaptive control by having th
Control System
In general, a control system consists of a plant (or process),
controller, sensors, and actuators. A typical control system is
shown in Figure 1. To achieve the desired output, the control
system commands or regulates the plant, thus allowing the output
to behave as expected.
Summary
This application report presents a new controller architecture: the
DSP controller and its single chip solutions for the control
applications. The TI TMS320C240 DSP controller combines the
performance of DSP architecture with the optimized peripherals of
a microcontroller. With this DSP controller, an intelligent control
and sensorless approach become possible. In addition, the
system cost will be reduced and the reliability of the entire system
will be improved.
[attachment=66544]
Abstract
Although traditional microcontrollers include the necessary
peripherals to provide solutions for digital control applications,
they lack both the performance and architecture needed to
perform real-time, math-intensive, advanced control algorithms at
a desired bandwidth.
This application report describes the features of the Texas
Instruments (TI™) TMS320C24x digital signal processor (DSP), a
low cost, single chip solution for optimal digital control system
applications. This solution is a tribute to the integration of not only
a powerful DSP core, but also to its specialized digital control
circuit (known as the event manager) and a comprehensive set of
desired peripherals.
Because of the high bandwidth signal processing ability of the
DSP, this DSP controller can help designers easily achieve a
robust, precise, adaptive, and sensorless digital control system
Introduction
Saving energy has become a key concern because of the
continuing increase in energy usage. Increased efficiency reduces
capital spending by utility companies building additional power
plants, which in turn reduces utility costs for customers. To remain
competitive, power plant administrators are pressured not only to
reduce costs imposed by governments and power plant lobbies,
but also to answer to power consumption reduction and EMI
radiation reduction issues.
These constraining factors result in the need for enhanced
algorithms. In addition to system cost reduction, DSP technology
makes digital control more practical and also offers a high level of
performance.
The TI TMS320C240 DSP is part of a new generation of
processors addressing digital motor control and power conversion
optimization. The TMS320C240 is specifically designed for the
digital motor control and power conversion segments, combining a
16 bit fixed-point DSP core with microcontroller peripherals in a
single chip solution.
Analog Vs Digital Control Systems
Early solid state controls consisted of hardwired analog networks
built around operational amplifiers. Analog controls offer two
distinct advantages over digital systems:
q Higher speed control by processing input data in real time
q Higher resolution over wider bandwidths because of infinite
sampling rates
However, there are several drawbacks to analog systems:
q Aging and temperature can cause component variations,
which in turn causes the system to need regular adjustment.
q Analog systems have more physical parts than digital systems,
which reduces reliability and makes analog systems more
difficult to design (component tolerance issues).
q Upgrades are difficult because the design is hardwired.
Benefits of DSP-Based Control
The TMS320C24x DSP includes the same advantages as the
microcontroller but also offers higher speed, higher resolution, and
capabilities to implement the math-intensive algorithms to lower
the system cost. The high speed is attributable mainly to the dual
bus of the Harvard architecture as well as single-cycle
multiplication and addition instructions. One bus is used for data
and the other is used for program instructions. This saves time
because each is utilized simultaneously. Traditionally, cost has
been a potential disadvantage of the DSP solution, but this aspect
has diminished with the continuing decline of DSP costs.
DSP controllers enable enhanced, real-time algorithms as well as
sensorless control. The combination reduces the number of
components and optimizes the design of silicon to achieve a
system cost reduction.
DSPs are capable of processing data at much faster rates than
microcontrollers. For example, the speed of the DSP allows it to
estimate motor velocity, a task accomplished by a tachometer in
analog and microcontroller systems.
DSP-based controls offer the following additional benefits:
q Sharp-cutoff notch filters that eliminate narrow-band
mechanical resonance. Notch filters remove energy that would
otherwise excite resonant modes and possibly make the
system unstable.
q Diagnostic monitoring achieved by the fast Fourier transform
(FFT) of spectrum analysis. By observing the frequency
spectrum of mechanical vibrations, failure modes can be
predicted in early stages.
q Adaptive control by having th
Control System
In general, a control system consists of a plant (or process),
controller, sensors, and actuators. A typical control system is
shown in Figure 1. To achieve the desired output, the control
system commands or regulates the plant, thus allowing the output
to behave as expected.
Summary
This application report presents a new controller architecture: the
DSP controller and its single chip solutions for the control
applications. The TI TMS320C240 DSP controller combines the
performance of DSP architecture with the optimized peripherals of
a microcontroller. With this DSP controller, an intelligent control
and sensorless approach become possible. In addition, the
system cost will be reduced and the reliability of the entire system
will be improved.