seminar code
06-08-2014, 04:43 PM
The Future Power Generation with MHD Generators Magneto Hydro Dynamic generation
[attachment=66676]
Abstract
Since a decade the demand for electricity is
increasing at alarming rate and the demand for power is
running ahead of supply. The present day methods of
power generation are not much efficient & it may not be
sufficient or suitable to keep pace with ever increasing
demand. The recent severe energy crisis has forced the
world to rethink & develop the Magneto Hydro Dynamic
(MHD) type power generation which remained
unthinkable for several years after its discovery. It is a
unique & highly efficient method of power generation with
nearly zero pollution. It is the generation of electric power
directly from thermal energy utilizing the high
temperature conducting plasma moving through an
intense magnetic field. In advanced countries this
technique is already in use but in developing countries it’s
still under construction. Efficiency matters the most for
establishing a power plant. MHD power plants have an
overall efficiency of 55-60% but it can be boosted up to
80% or more by using superconducting magnets in this
process. Whereas the other non conventional methods of
power generation such as solar, wind, geo-thermal, tidal
have a highest efficiency not more than 35%. Hence by
using MHD power generation method separately or by
combined operation with thermal or nuclear plant
CONSTRUCTION
Its construction is very simple. MHD generator
resembles the rocket engine surrounded by enormous
magnet. It has no moving parts & the actual conductors
are replaced by ionized gas (plasma). The magnets used
can be electromagnets or superconducting magnets.
Superconducting magnets are used in the larger MHD
generators to eliminate one of the large parasitic losses.
As shown in figure the electrodes are placed parallel &
opposite to each other. It is made to operate at very high
temperature, without moving parts.
ADVANTAGES.
In MHD the thermal pollution of water is
eliminated. (Clean Energy System)
Use of MHD plant operating in conjunction with a
gas turbine power plant might not require to reject any
heat to cooling water.
These are less complicated than the conventional
generators, having simple technology.
There are no moving parts in generator which
reduces the energy loss.
These plants have the potential to raise the
conversion efficiency up to 55-60%. Since conductivity
of plasma is very high (can be treated as infinity).
DISADVANTAGES
The construction of superconducting magnets for
small MHD plants of more than 1kW electrical capacity
is only on the drawing board.
Difficulties may arise from the exposure of metal
surface to the intense heat of the generator and form the
corrosion of metals and electrodes.
Construction of generator is uneconomical due to
its high cost.
Construction of Heat resistant and non conducting
ducts of generator & large superconducting magnets is
difficult.
MHD without superconducting magnets is less
efficient when compared with combined gas cycle
turbine.
CONCLUSION
Improvement in corrosion science &
superconducting magnets can make rapid
commercialization possible.
Saving billions of dollars towards fuel prospects of
much better fuel utilization.
It can therefore be claimed that the development of
MHD for electric utility power generation is an
objective of national significance.
The practical efficiency of this type of power
generation will not be less than 60%. Hence it will be
most significant in upcoming decade
[attachment=66676]
Abstract
Since a decade the demand for electricity is
increasing at alarming rate and the demand for power is
running ahead of supply. The present day methods of
power generation are not much efficient & it may not be
sufficient or suitable to keep pace with ever increasing
demand. The recent severe energy crisis has forced the
world to rethink & develop the Magneto Hydro Dynamic
(MHD) type power generation which remained
unthinkable for several years after its discovery. It is a
unique & highly efficient method of power generation with
nearly zero pollution. It is the generation of electric power
directly from thermal energy utilizing the high
temperature conducting plasma moving through an
intense magnetic field. In advanced countries this
technique is already in use but in developing countries it’s
still under construction. Efficiency matters the most for
establishing a power plant. MHD power plants have an
overall efficiency of 55-60% but it can be boosted up to
80% or more by using superconducting magnets in this
process. Whereas the other non conventional methods of
power generation such as solar, wind, geo-thermal, tidal
have a highest efficiency not more than 35%. Hence by
using MHD power generation method separately or by
combined operation with thermal or nuclear plant
CONSTRUCTION
Its construction is very simple. MHD generator
resembles the rocket engine surrounded by enormous
magnet. It has no moving parts & the actual conductors
are replaced by ionized gas (plasma). The magnets used
can be electromagnets or superconducting magnets.
Superconducting magnets are used in the larger MHD
generators to eliminate one of the large parasitic losses.
As shown in figure the electrodes are placed parallel &
opposite to each other. It is made to operate at very high
temperature, without moving parts.
ADVANTAGES.
In MHD the thermal pollution of water is
eliminated. (Clean Energy System)
Use of MHD plant operating in conjunction with a
gas turbine power plant might not require to reject any
heat to cooling water.
These are less complicated than the conventional
generators, having simple technology.
There are no moving parts in generator which
reduces the energy loss.
These plants have the potential to raise the
conversion efficiency up to 55-60%. Since conductivity
of plasma is very high (can be treated as infinity).
DISADVANTAGES
The construction of superconducting magnets for
small MHD plants of more than 1kW electrical capacity
is only on the drawing board.
Difficulties may arise from the exposure of metal
surface to the intense heat of the generator and form the
corrosion of metals and electrodes.
Construction of generator is uneconomical due to
its high cost.
Construction of Heat resistant and non conducting
ducts of generator & large superconducting magnets is
difficult.
MHD without superconducting magnets is less
efficient when compared with combined gas cycle
turbine.
CONCLUSION
Improvement in corrosion science &
superconducting magnets can make rapid
commercialization possible.
Saving billions of dollars towards fuel prospects of
much better fuel utilization.
It can therefore be claimed that the development of
MHD for electric utility power generation is an
objective of national significance.
The practical efficiency of this type of power
generation will not be less than 60%. Hence it will be
most significant in upcoming decade