03-09-2014, 03:02 PM
RFID BASED AUTOMATIC TOLLGATE SYSTEM
[attachment=67584]
ABSTRACT
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an auto identification technology which uses Radio
Frequencies (between 30 kHz and 2.5GHz) to identify objects remotely. The paper describes
a system which does the job of detecting, billing and accounting for vehicles as they pass
through a tollgate using RFID as the identification technology. In the design, a frequency of
928MHz is used as it is in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The system is a
great investment in the transport industry. It reduces the common hustles in accounting for
the movement of goods from point to point. The design can be further developed to aid the
satellite surveillance systems once all toll gates are networked. An RFID tag is programmed
with information in the form of an Electronic Product Code (EPC), which can be read over a
considerable distance so that its contents identify the vehicle and enhance a transaction to
be undertaken with respect to the specific tag identity taking advantage of radio
frequencies’ ability to travel longer ranges with better data capacities and high speed
attained with maximum accuracy. The design has been implemented as a miniaturized
prototype.
INTRODUCTION
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is a non-contact method of item
identification based on the use of radio waves to communicate data about an item between
a tag and a reader. It uses the unlicensed spectrum space of the electromagnetic radio wave
frequency and this band is the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) range [1]. It was introduced
back in the 1960s but has taken long to become a mainstream technology [2]. This is
attributed to the fact that RFID is not as cheap as the traditional labelling technologies like
the barcode, though it offers added value in read rates and data storage per label. Stanford,
[3] propounds that considering an Electronic Product Code (EPC) tag is underestimating its
capabilities. An EPC tag can contain data amounting up to 96 bytes, for example, the GID-96
hexadecimal coded EPC [3]. The technology originated from the military to identify aircraft
as friend or foe and is now used in race timing, manufacturing processes, animal tracking
and in the supply chain [5]. The technology can also be used in toll collection at toll gates
and this enables the tracking of vehicles as well as the goods they carry, in real time.
Location tests done prove that RFID is the best technology for tracking items in motion [5].
The technology enables remote storage and retrieval of data [7] and this is why
developments towards wireless identification point towards low-bandwidth systems like RFID
METHODOLOGY
The system was developed in a modular-based method. It contains an identification module,
which has the RFID hardware to read tags as vehicles pass through the tollgate. This module
sends information to the software module through RS232 serial connection. The software
module uses the information from the identification module to determine the actual physical
identity of the vehicle using its EPC code and the information is used to tell the boom gate
whether to open or not. The boom gate system makes up the mechanical module.
CONCLUSIONS
The RFID Automatic tollgate system designed could automatically detect the identities of
[attachment=67584]
ABSTRACT
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an auto identification technology which uses Radio
Frequencies (between 30 kHz and 2.5GHz) to identify objects remotely. The paper describes
a system which does the job of detecting, billing and accounting for vehicles as they pass
through a tollgate using RFID as the identification technology. In the design, a frequency of
928MHz is used as it is in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The system is a
great investment in the transport industry. It reduces the common hustles in accounting for
the movement of goods from point to point. The design can be further developed to aid the
satellite surveillance systems once all toll gates are networked. An RFID tag is programmed
with information in the form of an Electronic Product Code (EPC), which can be read over a
considerable distance so that its contents identify the vehicle and enhance a transaction to
be undertaken with respect to the specific tag identity taking advantage of radio
frequencies’ ability to travel longer ranges with better data capacities and high speed
attained with maximum accuracy. The design has been implemented as a miniaturized
prototype.
INTRODUCTION
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is a non-contact method of item
identification based on the use of radio waves to communicate data about an item between
a tag and a reader. It uses the unlicensed spectrum space of the electromagnetic radio wave
frequency and this band is the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) range [1]. It was introduced
back in the 1960s but has taken long to become a mainstream technology [2]. This is
attributed to the fact that RFID is not as cheap as the traditional labelling technologies like
the barcode, though it offers added value in read rates and data storage per label. Stanford,
[3] propounds that considering an Electronic Product Code (EPC) tag is underestimating its
capabilities. An EPC tag can contain data amounting up to 96 bytes, for example, the GID-96
hexadecimal coded EPC [3]. The technology originated from the military to identify aircraft
as friend or foe and is now used in race timing, manufacturing processes, animal tracking
and in the supply chain [5]. The technology can also be used in toll collection at toll gates
and this enables the tracking of vehicles as well as the goods they carry, in real time.
Location tests done prove that RFID is the best technology for tracking items in motion [5].
The technology enables remote storage and retrieval of data [7] and this is why
developments towards wireless identification point towards low-bandwidth systems like RFID
METHODOLOGY
The system was developed in a modular-based method. It contains an identification module,
which has the RFID hardware to read tags as vehicles pass through the tollgate. This module
sends information to the software module through RS232 serial connection. The software
module uses the information from the identification module to determine the actual physical
identity of the vehicle using its EPC code and the information is used to tell the boom gate
whether to open or not. The boom gate system makes up the mechanical module.
CONCLUSIONS
The RFID Automatic tollgate system designed could automatically detect the identities of