04-09-2014, 10:03 AM
SMS BASED AUTOMATION
[attachment=67606]
Introduction to embedded systems
Combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific function.
A microcontroller-based, software driven, reliable, real-time control system, autonomous, or human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments and sold into a competitive and cost conscious market.
An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor that controls an automobile engine.
Rectifier
An electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), current that flows in only one direction.
Filters
Capacitive filter is used. Removes the ripples from the output of rectifier and smoothens the D.C
Microcontroller
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHz
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
16-bit Timer/Counters
Watchdog Timer
Relays
Electrically operated switch.
Use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically.
Used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts.
Allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source and communicates directly with the LCD.
LCD Background
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus).
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and R/W.
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
RS=Register Select
(When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
DC MOTOR
A separately excited DC motor has a field system having a separate power supply. The rated field current here is 1.6 Amp with 75 Ohms resistance. Accordingly Vf is chosen.
The armature gets an excitation from the rectifier according to the firing angle chosen. As the firing angle decreases from 90 degrees towards zero, the voltage applied to the armature increases due to which the speed also increses. If the torque demanded is increased, then the armature current (la) drawn by the motor also increases. The inductance of the armature decided whether current can sustain itself f in a continuous manner or not even though firing angle may be large.
Applications
Used in sequential load circuit based on time control
Used for daily chores in washing machines, motors, and lighting arrangements
Also used in latches, timers, counters
Conclusion
Water is one of the most important basic needs for all living beings. But unfortunately a huge amount of water is being wasted by uncontrolled use.
Some other automated water level monitoring system is also offered so far but most of the method has some shortness in practice. We tried to overcome these problems and implemented an efficient automated water level monitoring and controlling system.
Our intension of this research work was to establish a flexible, economical and easy configurable system which can solve our water losing problem.
[attachment=67606]
Introduction to embedded systems
Combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific function.
A microcontroller-based, software driven, reliable, real-time control system, autonomous, or human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments and sold into a competitive and cost conscious market.
An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor that controls an automobile engine.
Rectifier
An electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), current that flows in only one direction.
Filters
Capacitive filter is used. Removes the ripples from the output of rectifier and smoothens the D.C
Microcontroller
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHz
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
16-bit Timer/Counters
Watchdog Timer
Relays
Electrically operated switch.
Use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically.
Used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts.
Allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source and communicates directly with the LCD.
LCD Background
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus).
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and R/W.
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
RS=Register Select
(When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
DC MOTOR
A separately excited DC motor has a field system having a separate power supply. The rated field current here is 1.6 Amp with 75 Ohms resistance. Accordingly Vf is chosen.
The armature gets an excitation from the rectifier according to the firing angle chosen. As the firing angle decreases from 90 degrees towards zero, the voltage applied to the armature increases due to which the speed also increses. If the torque demanded is increased, then the armature current (la) drawn by the motor also increases. The inductance of the armature decided whether current can sustain itself f in a continuous manner or not even though firing angle may be large.
Applications
Used in sequential load circuit based on time control
Used for daily chores in washing machines, motors, and lighting arrangements
Also used in latches, timers, counters
Conclusion
Water is one of the most important basic needs for all living beings. But unfortunately a huge amount of water is being wasted by uncontrolled use.
Some other automated water level monitoring system is also offered so far but most of the method has some shortness in practice. We tried to overcome these problems and implemented an efficient automated water level monitoring and controlling system.
Our intension of this research work was to establish a flexible, economical and easy configurable system which can solve our water losing problem.