05-09-2014, 04:27 PM
Project : 3 STOREY BULDING AT P.A.U LUDHIANA Type of Structure : 3 STOREY R.C.C . FRAMED STRUCTURE Type of Work : BRICKWORK , R.C.C Cost of Project 10 CRORE(approx.) Company under which R H G Construtions Stipulate time of work : 18 months Stipulate date of start : 21.12. 2013 Stipulate of Completion : 20.6.2015 Project Manager : Er.ANIL KUMAR SiteIncharge : Er. PAWANDEEP SINGH
Sequence of Work Done
Site clearance Demarcation of site Surveying and Layout Excavation Laying of PCC Bar binding and placement of foundation steel Shuttering and Scaffolding Concreting Electrical work and Plumbing De shuttering Brick work Doors and windows framing along with lintels Wiring for electrical purposes Plastering Flooring Painting Operations Done at Site 1. SURVEYING 2. COLUMN LAYOUT 3. FORMWORK 4. CONCRETING 5. CURING 6. DESHUTTERING 7. BRICK WORK 8. SCAFFOLDING 9. PAINTING SURVEYING :- Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish land maps and boundaries for ownership or governmental purposes. To accomplish their objective, surveyors use elements of mathematics (geometry and trigonometry), physics, engineering and other laws. Levelling is the measurement of geodetic height using an optical levelling instrument and a level staff or rod having a numbered scale. Common levelling instruments include the spirit level, the dumpy level, the digital level and the laser level. Levelling is basically a branch of surveying, the object of which is to :- 1. Find the elevation of a given point with respect to the given or assumed Datum. 2. Establish a point at a given elevation with respect to the given or assumed Datum. Spirit levelling employs a spirit level, an instrument consisting of a telescope and a tube level like that used by carpenters, rigidly connected. When the bubble in the tube level is in the middle, the telescope's optical axis (collimation axis) will point exactly in the direction of the local horizontal. Automatic levels make use of a compensator, which ensures that the line of sight is always horizontal regardless of whether or not the housing of the telescope is. This makes it easier and quicker to set up than a tilting or dumpy level.. This style is widely used in construction work but not for more precise control work. An advantage is that one person can perform the levelling independently, whereas other types require one person at the instrument and one holding the rod.The sensor can be mounted on earth-moving machinery to allow automated grading. More compact and hence both more robust and easier to transport, it is commonly believed that dumpy levelling is less accurate than other types of levelling, but such is not the case. Dumpy levelling requires shorter and therefore more numerous sights, but this fault is compensated by the practice of making foresights and backsights equal. COLUMN LAYOUT :- The layout of the columns is done according to the Architectural and Structural Drawings. To accomplish this a nylon string is attached to represent column centre line and these are transferred on slab and the column size is marked . Sometimes the main bar of columns is shifted from its position while concreting . In such case joggling becomes necessary practice. Doing joggle is not a good construction practice, but I.S. allows 7cm shifting in 6m running length of column . The surface is cleaned with water. Than the final amrinf of the column is done where the column is to be erected , with 40 mm cover to it which can be checked with marking on the slab floor. The accuracy of the whole structure depends mainly on the column layout , as the whole structure is to be erected in accordance with the columns. FORMWORK :- Formwork is the term given to either temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are poured. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering moulds. The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-resistant particleboard. It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood facing has a relatively short lifespan. It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for procuring re-usable formwork. It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use, complicated sections may use it. Slab Formwork The traditional slab formwork technique consists of supports out of lumber or young tree trunks, that support rows of stringers assembled roughly 3 to 6 feet or 1 to 2 metres apart, depending on thickness of slab. Between these stringers, joists are positioned roughly 12 inches, 30 centimeters apart upon which boards or plywood are placed. The stringers and joists are usually 4 by 4 inch or 4 by 6 inch lumber. The most common imperial plywood thickness is ¾ inch and the most common metric thickness is 18 mm. Beam Formwork Similar to the traditional method, stringers and joist are replaced with aluminium forming systems or steel beams and supports are replaced with metal props. This also makes this method more systematic and reusable. Aluminum beams are fabricated as telescoping units which allows them to span supports that are located at varying distances apart. Telescoping aluminium beams can be used and reused in the construction of structures of varying size. Column Formwork The column formwork systems now available are normally modular in nature and allow quick assembly and erection on-site while minimisinglabour and crane time. They are available in steel, aluminium and even cardboard (not reusable but recycled) and have a variety of internal face surfaces depending on the concrete finish required. Innovations have led to adjustable, reusable column forms which can be clamped on-site to give different column sizes.
Sequence of Work Done
Site clearance Demarcation of site Surveying and Layout Excavation Laying of PCC Bar binding and placement of foundation steel Shuttering and Scaffolding Concreting Electrical work and Plumbing De shuttering Brick work Doors and windows framing along with lintels Wiring for electrical purposes Plastering Flooring Painting Operations Done at Site 1. SURVEYING 2. COLUMN LAYOUT 3. FORMWORK 4. CONCRETING 5. CURING 6. DESHUTTERING 7. BRICK WORK 8. SCAFFOLDING 9. PAINTING SURVEYING :- Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish land maps and boundaries for ownership or governmental purposes. To accomplish their objective, surveyors use elements of mathematics (geometry and trigonometry), physics, engineering and other laws. Levelling is the measurement of geodetic height using an optical levelling instrument and a level staff or rod having a numbered scale. Common levelling instruments include the spirit level, the dumpy level, the digital level and the laser level. Levelling is basically a branch of surveying, the object of which is to :- 1. Find the elevation of a given point with respect to the given or assumed Datum. 2. Establish a point at a given elevation with respect to the given or assumed Datum. Spirit levelling employs a spirit level, an instrument consisting of a telescope and a tube level like that used by carpenters, rigidly connected. When the bubble in the tube level is in the middle, the telescope's optical axis (collimation axis) will point exactly in the direction of the local horizontal. Automatic levels make use of a compensator, which ensures that the line of sight is always horizontal regardless of whether or not the housing of the telescope is. This makes it easier and quicker to set up than a tilting or dumpy level.. This style is widely used in construction work but not for more precise control work. An advantage is that one person can perform the levelling independently, whereas other types require one person at the instrument and one holding the rod.The sensor can be mounted on earth-moving machinery to allow automated grading. More compact and hence both more robust and easier to transport, it is commonly believed that dumpy levelling is less accurate than other types of levelling, but such is not the case. Dumpy levelling requires shorter and therefore more numerous sights, but this fault is compensated by the practice of making foresights and backsights equal. COLUMN LAYOUT :- The layout of the columns is done according to the Architectural and Structural Drawings. To accomplish this a nylon string is attached to represent column centre line and these are transferred on slab and the column size is marked . Sometimes the main bar of columns is shifted from its position while concreting . In such case joggling becomes necessary practice. Doing joggle is not a good construction practice, but I.S. allows 7cm shifting in 6m running length of column . The surface is cleaned with water. Than the final amrinf of the column is done where the column is to be erected , with 40 mm cover to it which can be checked with marking on the slab floor. The accuracy of the whole structure depends mainly on the column layout , as the whole structure is to be erected in accordance with the columns. FORMWORK :- Formwork is the term given to either temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are poured. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering moulds. The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-resistant particleboard. It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood facing has a relatively short lifespan. It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for procuring re-usable formwork. It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use, complicated sections may use it. Slab Formwork The traditional slab formwork technique consists of supports out of lumber or young tree trunks, that support rows of stringers assembled roughly 3 to 6 feet or 1 to 2 metres apart, depending on thickness of slab. Between these stringers, joists are positioned roughly 12 inches, 30 centimeters apart upon which boards or plywood are placed. The stringers and joists are usually 4 by 4 inch or 4 by 6 inch lumber. The most common imperial plywood thickness is ¾ inch and the most common metric thickness is 18 mm. Beam Formwork Similar to the traditional method, stringers and joist are replaced with aluminium forming systems or steel beams and supports are replaced with metal props. This also makes this method more systematic and reusable. Aluminum beams are fabricated as telescoping units which allows them to span supports that are located at varying distances apart. Telescoping aluminium beams can be used and reused in the construction of structures of varying size. Column Formwork The column formwork systems now available are normally modular in nature and allow quick assembly and erection on-site while minimisinglabour and crane time. They are available in steel, aluminium and even cardboard (not reusable but recycled) and have a variety of internal face surfaces depending on the concrete finish required. Innovations have led to adjustable, reusable column forms which can be clamped on-site to give different column sizes.