15-09-2014, 09:24 AM
The Design of Mobile Control Car Security System
[attachment=67974]
Abstract
The present car alarm systems are still of no
match to the well-equipped thieves. It is just a matter of
seconds to break through the system. This paper introduces
and describes the design of mobile controlled car security
system offering higher level of car security features. The
mobile controlled car security is capable of providing an
effective two-way communications between the alarm system
and the car owner. This system is able to notify the car owner
immediately when intrusion is detected. Additionally, the car
owner can remotely control any of the car features anytime at
anywhere via a phone call. Based on the GSM positioning
concept, this system has the potential to provide car location
information to assist in stolen vehicle recovery therefore
providing enhancement over the conventional car alarm
system.
INTRODUCTION
It was reported that as many as 1000 cars were stolen
monthly in Malaysia in the year 2007. The existing vehicle
alarm systems are of no match to the well-equipped thieves.
In the United States, there are already many transportation
companies and vehicle manufacturers that employ Global
Positioning System (GPS) based location and tracking
system combined with conventional cellular communication
for stolen vehicle recovery as well as for constant
monitoring of vehicle fleet management. However there are
situation where the GPS system cannot perform well such as
at underpasses and indoor parking. Most cars are still using
the conventional alarm system which is easily handled by
car thief. One major problem in those car alarms is tuning
and adjustment. There may be so many car alarms that are
too sensitive, while the rest can withstand a major
earthquake without a single beep. Consequently, the public
loose interest in the car alarms since they could be falsely
triggered. Another weak point is that, it has limited
capability to interact with its owner. In addition, the
conventional alarm systems did not provide any means in
assisting the recovery of stolen vehicle. The remainder of
this paper is organized as follows. Section II describes the
design specifications for MCCS. Section III describes
briefly the PIC microcontroller as the main processor unit.
Section IV describes the design of MCCS hardware system.
Section V describes the design of MCCS firmware. Lastly
Section VI concludes the paper.
MCCS SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
System Description
An overview of the complete system requirement will bepresented before detailing the specifications for each
individual sub-section of MCCS system. The specifications
developed in this section are sufficiently detailed to allow
for the subsequent hardware design. The Mobile-Controlled
Car Security (MCCS) system is intended to offer various
levels of security incomparable with a typical car alarm. The
system requires user to install a mobile transceiver which
operates in conjunction with the main control unit of the
vehicle alarm system. MCCS will provide standard security
features similar or better to the existing conventional alarm
system. In addition, MCCS will also offer advance features
such as the capability of notifying the car owner
immediately when the system detects intrusion, the ability to
arm and disarm security features remotely and able to
interact reliably with the user
System Function and Features
The MCCS system has the minimum functionality
necessary to be a useful vehicle security system. This
system provides standards features as well as special
features as shown in Table
PIC16C57 MICROCONTROLLER
Overview
PIC is a very low current device that takes less than 2mA
with a clock oscillator speed of 4Mhz.At lower speed, 32
kHz, it only draws 15uA and when the clock is stopped, PIC
requires a very low voltage supply ranging from 2.5V and
6.25V making it a very low power device. A PIC needs only
a resistor and capacitor to be added to the clock oscillator
pins to operate. In contrast to other microcontrollers, PIC
requires less external components. The PIC16C57 is one of
the low-cost, high performances, 8-bit, fully static,
EPROM/ROM-based CMOS microcontroller. Figure 3
shows a simplified block diagram for PIC 16C57.
Processor Architecture
PIC16C57 was designed based on Harvard architecture
which uses separate memory banks for program storage,
processor stack, and variable RAM. Hence, program and
data are accessed on separate buses. This improves
bandwidth over von Neumann architecture where program
and data are fetched on the same bus. A 12-bit wide
Register
The data memory in PIC16C57 can be further broken
down into general-purpose RAM and special function
register (SFR). It can directly or indirectly address its
register files and data memory. PIC 16C57 has a highly
symmetrical instruction set that enable it to carry out any
operation on any register using various types of addressing
mode. Fig. 3 shows the registers in the PIC16C57. It
consists an 8-bit ALU and working registers. The ALU is a
general-purpose unit that performs arithmetic and Boolean
Functions between data in the working register and any file
register. All the arithmetic operations are two‟s complement
in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically one operand
is the working register (W). The other operand may be a file
register or an immediate constant. In the execution of a
single operand instruction, the operand is either the W
register or a file register. Depending on the instruction
executed, the ALU may affect the values of the Carry ©,
Digit Carry (DC) and Zero (Z) in the status register.
MCCS HARDWARE DESIGN
Hardware Division
The hardware design for the MCCS system is divided into
four main parts:
PIC main control unit,
RF remote control unit,
PIC-car accessories interface unit,
PIC-mobile phone interface unit.
The PIC main control unit acts as the brain of the MCCS
system. It is responsible to centralize the entire individual
interface units and at the same time, monitoring the
operation of the MCCS system. The RF remote control unit
provides an interface for the user to arm and disarm their car
alarm remotely over short distances. Next, the car
accessories interface unit produces a reliable connection
between the main control unit and car element such as siren,
parking lights, car starter, door locks and so forth. Lastly,
the PIC-mobile phone interface unit enables the
communication between the connection between the PIC
control unit and the mobile phone. It allows the PIC main
control unit to control the mobile transceiver‟s function in
dialing to its owner and also receiving calls from its owner
for control purpose In general, all the four units are
interconnected as illustrated in Figure
MCCS FIRMWARE DESIGN
C2C is the abbreviation for C2C-plus C compiler for PIC
and Scenix processors. C2C compiler is chosen for this
project because it can support C source codes that are
readily inserted into the generated assembly file. C2C-plus
compiler supports a subset of C programming language
which is listed below:
If, else, while, for , return, break, continue, extern,
switch, case, default ;
Goto and labels;
Char, short, in, long ( 16-bit and 8 –bit unsigned
numbers), void;
One-dimensional arrays, const variable arrays;
Functions with no/one/many parameters and void
/char/short return types;
Const char* function parameter;
#include, #define, #undef, #ifdef, #ifndef,#else,#endif.
Table 3 lists some of the important C2C commands that
are used in writing the program for PIC16C57 in this project.
The table also includes the functions represented by each
command.
CONCLUSION
The MCCS system provides an effective two-way
communication that gives higher level of security features
compared to the conventional car alarm system. MCCS
system is capable of alerting its owner immediately when
intrusion is detected. Additionally, the car owner can remote
controlled any security features and check its status at all
times through a phone call. The system also has a potential
to offer vehicle location detection capability based on GSM
positioning concept. Currently, a mobile phone unit was
used as a transceiver. To reduce production cost, a simpler
transceiver which can access GSM network can be built as a
substitute for the mobile phone. Currently the MCCS system
uses a single main control unit to coordinate the functions of
each isolated interface units. This will cause the whole
system to shut down if the power supply is cut off.
Alternatively, MCCS system can be built using two control
units instead of one. Future MCCS system could be
implemented using short messages services, which is more
flexible rather than using DTMF technique. Lastly, byadding vehicle location information, MCCS could be the
one that every car owner wishes for in securing their cars
[attachment=67974]
Abstract
The present car alarm systems are still of no
match to the well-equipped thieves. It is just a matter of
seconds to break through the system. This paper introduces
and describes the design of mobile controlled car security
system offering higher level of car security features. The
mobile controlled car security is capable of providing an
effective two-way communications between the alarm system
and the car owner. This system is able to notify the car owner
immediately when intrusion is detected. Additionally, the car
owner can remotely control any of the car features anytime at
anywhere via a phone call. Based on the GSM positioning
concept, this system has the potential to provide car location
information to assist in stolen vehicle recovery therefore
providing enhancement over the conventional car alarm
system.
INTRODUCTION
It was reported that as many as 1000 cars were stolen
monthly in Malaysia in the year 2007. The existing vehicle
alarm systems are of no match to the well-equipped thieves.
In the United States, there are already many transportation
companies and vehicle manufacturers that employ Global
Positioning System (GPS) based location and tracking
system combined with conventional cellular communication
for stolen vehicle recovery as well as for constant
monitoring of vehicle fleet management. However there are
situation where the GPS system cannot perform well such as
at underpasses and indoor parking. Most cars are still using
the conventional alarm system which is easily handled by
car thief. One major problem in those car alarms is tuning
and adjustment. There may be so many car alarms that are
too sensitive, while the rest can withstand a major
earthquake without a single beep. Consequently, the public
loose interest in the car alarms since they could be falsely
triggered. Another weak point is that, it has limited
capability to interact with its owner. In addition, the
conventional alarm systems did not provide any means in
assisting the recovery of stolen vehicle. The remainder of
this paper is organized as follows. Section II describes the
design specifications for MCCS. Section III describes
briefly the PIC microcontroller as the main processor unit.
Section IV describes the design of MCCS hardware system.
Section V describes the design of MCCS firmware. Lastly
Section VI concludes the paper.
MCCS SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
System Description
An overview of the complete system requirement will bepresented before detailing the specifications for each
individual sub-section of MCCS system. The specifications
developed in this section are sufficiently detailed to allow
for the subsequent hardware design. The Mobile-Controlled
Car Security (MCCS) system is intended to offer various
levels of security incomparable with a typical car alarm. The
system requires user to install a mobile transceiver which
operates in conjunction with the main control unit of the
vehicle alarm system. MCCS will provide standard security
features similar or better to the existing conventional alarm
system. In addition, MCCS will also offer advance features
such as the capability of notifying the car owner
immediately when the system detects intrusion, the ability to
arm and disarm security features remotely and able to
interact reliably with the user
System Function and Features
The MCCS system has the minimum functionality
necessary to be a useful vehicle security system. This
system provides standards features as well as special
features as shown in Table
PIC16C57 MICROCONTROLLER
Overview
PIC is a very low current device that takes less than 2mA
with a clock oscillator speed of 4Mhz.At lower speed, 32
kHz, it only draws 15uA and when the clock is stopped, PIC
requires a very low voltage supply ranging from 2.5V and
6.25V making it a very low power device. A PIC needs only
a resistor and capacitor to be added to the clock oscillator
pins to operate. In contrast to other microcontrollers, PIC
requires less external components. The PIC16C57 is one of
the low-cost, high performances, 8-bit, fully static,
EPROM/ROM-based CMOS microcontroller. Figure 3
shows a simplified block diagram for PIC 16C57.
Processor Architecture
PIC16C57 was designed based on Harvard architecture
which uses separate memory banks for program storage,
processor stack, and variable RAM. Hence, program and
data are accessed on separate buses. This improves
bandwidth over von Neumann architecture where program
and data are fetched on the same bus. A 12-bit wide
Register
The data memory in PIC16C57 can be further broken
down into general-purpose RAM and special function
register (SFR). It can directly or indirectly address its
register files and data memory. PIC 16C57 has a highly
symmetrical instruction set that enable it to carry out any
operation on any register using various types of addressing
mode. Fig. 3 shows the registers in the PIC16C57. It
consists an 8-bit ALU and working registers. The ALU is a
general-purpose unit that performs arithmetic and Boolean
Functions between data in the working register and any file
register. All the arithmetic operations are two‟s complement
in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically one operand
is the working register (W). The other operand may be a file
register or an immediate constant. In the execution of a
single operand instruction, the operand is either the W
register or a file register. Depending on the instruction
executed, the ALU may affect the values of the Carry ©,
Digit Carry (DC) and Zero (Z) in the status register.
MCCS HARDWARE DESIGN
Hardware Division
The hardware design for the MCCS system is divided into
four main parts:
PIC main control unit,
RF remote control unit,
PIC-car accessories interface unit,
PIC-mobile phone interface unit.
The PIC main control unit acts as the brain of the MCCS
system. It is responsible to centralize the entire individual
interface units and at the same time, monitoring the
operation of the MCCS system. The RF remote control unit
provides an interface for the user to arm and disarm their car
alarm remotely over short distances. Next, the car
accessories interface unit produces a reliable connection
between the main control unit and car element such as siren,
parking lights, car starter, door locks and so forth. Lastly,
the PIC-mobile phone interface unit enables the
communication between the connection between the PIC
control unit and the mobile phone. It allows the PIC main
control unit to control the mobile transceiver‟s function in
dialing to its owner and also receiving calls from its owner
for control purpose In general, all the four units are
interconnected as illustrated in Figure
MCCS FIRMWARE DESIGN
C2C is the abbreviation for C2C-plus C compiler for PIC
and Scenix processors. C2C compiler is chosen for this
project because it can support C source codes that are
readily inserted into the generated assembly file. C2C-plus
compiler supports a subset of C programming language
which is listed below:
If, else, while, for , return, break, continue, extern,
switch, case, default ;
Goto and labels;
Char, short, in, long ( 16-bit and 8 –bit unsigned
numbers), void;
One-dimensional arrays, const variable arrays;
Functions with no/one/many parameters and void
/char/short return types;
Const char* function parameter;
#include, #define, #undef, #ifdef, #ifndef,#else,#endif.
Table 3 lists some of the important C2C commands that
are used in writing the program for PIC16C57 in this project.
The table also includes the functions represented by each
command.
CONCLUSION
The MCCS system provides an effective two-way
communication that gives higher level of security features
compared to the conventional car alarm system. MCCS
system is capable of alerting its owner immediately when
intrusion is detected. Additionally, the car owner can remote
controlled any security features and check its status at all
times through a phone call. The system also has a potential
to offer vehicle location detection capability based on GSM
positioning concept. Currently, a mobile phone unit was
used as a transceiver. To reduce production cost, a simpler
transceiver which can access GSM network can be built as a
substitute for the mobile phone. Currently the MCCS system
uses a single main control unit to coordinate the functions of
each isolated interface units. This will cause the whole
system to shut down if the power supply is cut off.
Alternatively, MCCS system can be built using two control
units instead of one. Future MCCS system could be
implemented using short messages services, which is more
flexible rather than using DTMF technique. Lastly, byadding vehicle location information, MCCS could be the
one that every car owner wishes for in securing their cars