17-09-2014, 02:19 PM
Embedded system for Hazardous Gas detection
and Alerting
[attachment=68056]
ABSTRACT
Safety plays a major role in today’s world and it is necessary that good safety systems are to be
implemented in places of education and work. This work modifies the existing safety model installed in
industries and this system also be used in homes and offices. The main objective of the work is designing
microcontroller based toxic gas detecting and alerting system. The hazardous gases like LPG and
propane were sensed and displayed each and every second in the LCD display. If these gases exceed the
normal level then an alarm is generated immediately and also an alert message (SMS) is sent to the
authorized person through the GSM. The advantage of this automated detection and alerting system
over the manual method is that it offers quick response time and accurate detection of an emergency and
in turn leading faster diffusion of the critical situation.
INTRODUCTION
The increase in the development of technology and the human race, we failed to take care about
the surroundings in which we live in. Thus we polluted the environment and thereby reducing
the quality of the place we live. Even though there are several aspects of pollution such as soil,
air and water pollution, out of these air pollution acts as the serious aspect as the other can
detected visually and by taste, but the polluted air cannot be detected as it can be odorless,
tasteless and colorless. Hence there is a growing demand for the environmental pollution
monitoring and control systems. In the view of the ever-increasing pollution sources with toxic
chemicals, these systems should have the facilities to detect and quantify the sources rapidly.
Toxic gases are one that causes serious health impacts, but are also used in industries in large
quantities. These gases have to be monitored; such that increase in the normal level of them
could be known and proper precaution measures can be taken. But the current systems
available are not so portable and are costly and difficult to implement. So an embedded system
is designed using PIC 16F877 Microcontroller, for the purpose of detection of hazardous gas
leakage, which in turn avoids the endangering of human lives. The hazardous gases like LPG
and propane were considered here. If these hazardous gases level exceeds normal level that is
LPG>1000ppm or Propane>10000ppm then an alarm is generated immediately, and a SMS is
sent to the authorized user as an alert message, which leads to faster diffusion of emergency
situation. The system is affordable and can be easily implement in the chemical industries and
in residential area which is surrounded by the chemical industries or plants, to avoid
endangering of human lives. The system also supports to provide real-time monitoring of
concentration of the gases which presents in the air. As this method is automatic the
information can be given in time such that the endangering of human lives can be avoid
. GAS SENSORS
Normally a gas sensor is the one which is made up of transducer that senses the gas molecules.
It sends electrical signals as the output which is proportional to the gas concentration. The gas
sensors do not sense a particular gas, thus they must tend to employ analytical techniques to
adopt to identify a particular gas. However these analytical methods suffer from many
disadvantages of skilled operator, specially designed PC’s and slows response time etc., and the
proposed system does not suffer such disadvantages. The proposed system is an automated one,
but it requires to reset after every critical situation
PIC Microcontroller
The Microcontroller used here is the PIC16F877. It has attractive features and they are suitable
for a wide range of application. It consists of I/O ports, 3 timers, ROM, RAM, Flash memory
and inbuilt ADC. PIC channel 10 bit inbuilt ADC which convert the analog value into 10 bit
digital data. PIC is programmed to convert 10 bit data into an 8 bit data and to transmit the data
into a transistor driver. Microcontroller 16F877A has 40 pins, 32 pins for parallel port. One port
includes 8 pins, so 32 pins formed 4 parallel ports; each of them is recognized as port 0, port 1,
port 2 and port 3. Number of each pin of parallel port starts from 0 through 7, first pin of port 0
is named P0.0 and the last pin of port 3 is named P3.7.
Cross Compilation
A compiler is mainly to translate program written in some human readable language into an
equivalent set of opcodes for a particular processor. Each processor has its own unique machine
language, and then we need to choose a compiler that is capable of producing programs for the
specific target processor. In the embedded system, this compiler almost always runs on the host
computer. It simply does not make sense to execute the compiler on the embedded system
itself. A compiler that runs on one computer platform and produces code for another is called as
cross compiler. The use of a cross compiler is one of the defining features of embedded
software development, and these tools support an impressive set of host-target combinations.
Toll chain for building the embedded software is shown in fig 9
CONCLUSION
An embedded system for hazardous gas detection has been implemented; here only two gases
(LPG and Propane) have been detected for demo purpose. The gas sensors and the critical level
of the respective gas should be known, and then this system can be implemented for detecting
various gases either in domestic area such as places of educational institutions, residential and
industrial areas which avoids endangering of human lives. This system provides quick response
rate and the diffusion of the critical situation can be made faster than the manual methods.
and Alerting
[attachment=68056]
ABSTRACT
Safety plays a major role in today’s world and it is necessary that good safety systems are to be
implemented in places of education and work. This work modifies the existing safety model installed in
industries and this system also be used in homes and offices. The main objective of the work is designing
microcontroller based toxic gas detecting and alerting system. The hazardous gases like LPG and
propane were sensed and displayed each and every second in the LCD display. If these gases exceed the
normal level then an alarm is generated immediately and also an alert message (SMS) is sent to the
authorized person through the GSM. The advantage of this automated detection and alerting system
over the manual method is that it offers quick response time and accurate detection of an emergency and
in turn leading faster diffusion of the critical situation.
INTRODUCTION
The increase in the development of technology and the human race, we failed to take care about
the surroundings in which we live in. Thus we polluted the environment and thereby reducing
the quality of the place we live. Even though there are several aspects of pollution such as soil,
air and water pollution, out of these air pollution acts as the serious aspect as the other can
detected visually and by taste, but the polluted air cannot be detected as it can be odorless,
tasteless and colorless. Hence there is a growing demand for the environmental pollution
monitoring and control systems. In the view of the ever-increasing pollution sources with toxic
chemicals, these systems should have the facilities to detect and quantify the sources rapidly.
Toxic gases are one that causes serious health impacts, but are also used in industries in large
quantities. These gases have to be monitored; such that increase in the normal level of them
could be known and proper precaution measures can be taken. But the current systems
available are not so portable and are costly and difficult to implement. So an embedded system
is designed using PIC 16F877 Microcontroller, for the purpose of detection of hazardous gas
leakage, which in turn avoids the endangering of human lives. The hazardous gases like LPG
and propane were considered here. If these hazardous gases level exceeds normal level that is
LPG>1000ppm or Propane>10000ppm then an alarm is generated immediately, and a SMS is
sent to the authorized user as an alert message, which leads to faster diffusion of emergency
situation. The system is affordable and can be easily implement in the chemical industries and
in residential area which is surrounded by the chemical industries or plants, to avoid
endangering of human lives. The system also supports to provide real-time monitoring of
concentration of the gases which presents in the air. As this method is automatic the
information can be given in time such that the endangering of human lives can be avoid
. GAS SENSORS
Normally a gas sensor is the one which is made up of transducer that senses the gas molecules.
It sends electrical signals as the output which is proportional to the gas concentration. The gas
sensors do not sense a particular gas, thus they must tend to employ analytical techniques to
adopt to identify a particular gas. However these analytical methods suffer from many
disadvantages of skilled operator, specially designed PC’s and slows response time etc., and the
proposed system does not suffer such disadvantages. The proposed system is an automated one,
but it requires to reset after every critical situation
PIC Microcontroller
The Microcontroller used here is the PIC16F877. It has attractive features and they are suitable
for a wide range of application. It consists of I/O ports, 3 timers, ROM, RAM, Flash memory
and inbuilt ADC. PIC channel 10 bit inbuilt ADC which convert the analog value into 10 bit
digital data. PIC is programmed to convert 10 bit data into an 8 bit data and to transmit the data
into a transistor driver. Microcontroller 16F877A has 40 pins, 32 pins for parallel port. One port
includes 8 pins, so 32 pins formed 4 parallel ports; each of them is recognized as port 0, port 1,
port 2 and port 3. Number of each pin of parallel port starts from 0 through 7, first pin of port 0
is named P0.0 and the last pin of port 3 is named P3.7.
Cross Compilation
A compiler is mainly to translate program written in some human readable language into an
equivalent set of opcodes for a particular processor. Each processor has its own unique machine
language, and then we need to choose a compiler that is capable of producing programs for the
specific target processor. In the embedded system, this compiler almost always runs on the host
computer. It simply does not make sense to execute the compiler on the embedded system
itself. A compiler that runs on one computer platform and produces code for another is called as
cross compiler. The use of a cross compiler is one of the defining features of embedded
software development, and these tools support an impressive set of host-target combinations.
Toll chain for building the embedded software is shown in fig 9
CONCLUSION
An embedded system for hazardous gas detection has been implemented; here only two gases
(LPG and Propane) have been detected for demo purpose. The gas sensors and the critical level
of the respective gas should be known, and then this system can be implemented for detecting
various gases either in domestic area such as places of educational institutions, residential and
industrial areas which avoids endangering of human lives. This system provides quick response
rate and the diffusion of the critical situation can be made faster than the manual methods.