22-09-2014, 10:40 AM
WIRELESS METAL DETECTION ROBOT
[attachment=68275]
INTRODUCTION
The law enforcement community needs a low-cost robot that can reduce or eliminate the danger for a bomb technician who must inspect, x-ray, and disrupt an explosive device — preferably in its original place or may be sometimes need to be relocated. Sensors and tools must be placed close to a suspected device. Approaching a device can be dangerous, since many points along the path to the bomb may be booby-trapped. Even when a bomb technician uses great care in inspecting or handling an explosive device . An effective Bomb Detection Unit (BDU) can reduce or eliminate the risk of potentially deadly scenarios and allow a bomb technician to focus on disabling the device. The same feature can be extended to be used in the war fields where the army might be required to go into the hostile situations where mines could have been laid. In such situations in case the human beings are allowed to go traverse over them there will be a major loss in the human resource. Thus a need arises to diffuse or locate a mine from a distance. Even if a BDU cannot diffuse a device, it can still relay information to aid in selecting tools and procedures before a technician approaches a device.
Description:
The system has 2 units. Unit-1 is designed to be a Robotic vehicle which has a metal detector to detect the Bomb,obstacle sensors(to achieve a collision-free movements). A pair of Zigbeetransceiver(2.4GHz) is used to setup the wireless communication between the vehicle and the control room. Once the robot is set to move, the Microcontroller monitors the inputs from all the sensors continuously and if any interrupt is observed, it sends corresponding information to the control room serially through Zigbee.
Zigbee sets up a bi-direction serial communication system through which the robot can also be controlled through wireless from the control room to take necessary actions. In this way the robotic vehicle helps in detecting bombs, alive humans in war fields so that necessary actions could be taken immediately.
MICRO CONTROLLER
Microcontroller is a general purpose device, but one that it is mean read data, perform limited calculation on that data and control its environmental based on those calculation. The prime use of Microcontroller is to control the operation of a machine using a fixed program that is stored in ROM and does not change over the life time of the system unless it is erased.
Micro controller Interrupts
There are five interrupts sources for the 8051, which means that they can recognize 5 different events that can interrupt regular program execution. Each interrupt can be enabled or disabled by setting bits of the IE register. Likewise, the whole interrupt system can be disabled by clearing the EA bit of the same register.
Now, it is necessary to explain a few details referring to external interrupts-INT0 and INT1.If the IT0 and IT1 bits of the TCON register are set, an interrupt will be generated on high to low translation, i.e. on the falling pulse edge (only in that moment).If these bits are cleared, an interrupt will be continuously executed as far as the pins are held low.
ZIGBEE
ZigBee standard consists of a whole suite of specifications designed specifically for wireless networked sensors and controllers. The physical and medium access control (MAC) layers are standardized by the IEEE 802.15 wireless personal area network (WPAN). The standard mainly aims at low cost, low data rate and low power wireless network. The higher layers are specified by the ZigBee Alliance, which is an industry alliance consisting of a full spectrum of companies, ranging from ZigBee chip providers to solution providers. Compared to other wireless communication technologies, ZigBee is designed specifically for providing wireless networking capability for battery-powered, low-cost, low capability sensor and controller nodes, typically powered only by an eight-bit microcontroller. The ZigBee technology is designed to provide a simple and low-cost wireless communication and networking solution for low-data rate and low power consumption applications, such as home monitoring and automation, environmental monitoring, industry controls, and emerging low-rate wireless sensor applications
Applications:
The major applications of ZigBee are focused on sensor network and automatic control, such as personal medical assistance, industrial control, home automation, remote control and monitoring. It is particularly suitable for biotelemetry applications because of low power consumption, e.g., the personal medical monitoring device for senior citizens. Rather than the traditional wired monitoring equipment, the biotelemetry techniques, allow electrical isolation from data processing devices and power lines.
One of the intended application of ZigBee is in-home patient monitoring. A patient‟s vital body parameters, for example blood pressure and heart rate can be measured by wearable devices. The patient wears a ZigBee device that interfaces with a sensor that gathers health related information such as blood pressure on a periodic basis. Then the data is wirelessly transmitted to a local server, such as a personal computer inside the patient‟s home, where initial analysis is performed. Finally the vital information is sent to the patient‟s nurse or physician via the internet for further analysis.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) offer several advantages over traditional cathode-ray tube displays that make them ideal for several applications. Of course, LCDs are flat and they use only a fraction of the power required by cathode-ray tubes.
They are easier to read and more pleasant to work with for long periods of time than most ordinary video monitors. These are several tradeoffs as well, such as limited view angle, brightness, and contrast, not to mention high manufacturing cost.
16×2 LCD is used in this project to display data to user. There are two rows and 16 columns. It is possible to display 16 characters on each of the 2 rows. It has two registers, command register and data register
Metal Detector
It is a Inductive proximity sensors.
Operate under the electrical principle of inductance.
Inductance is the phenomenon where a fluctuating current.
A proximity sensor has four components; the coil, oscillator, detection circuit and output circuit.
The oscillator generates a fluctuating magnetic field the shape of a doughnut around the winding of the coil that locates in the device’s sensing face.
When a metal object moves into the inductive proximity sensor’s field of detection.
The sensor’s detection circuit monitors the oscillator’s strength and triggers an output.
SPDT REALY
Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to isolate two circuits electrically and connect them magnetically. They are very useful devices and allow one circuit to switch another one while they are completely separate. They are often used to interface an electronic circuit (working at a low voltage) to an electrical circuit which works at very high voltage. For example, a relay can make a 5V DC battery circuit to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. Thus a small sensor circuit can drive, say, a fan or an electric bulb.
A relay switch can be divided into two parts: input and output. The input section has a coil which generates magnetic field when a small voltage from an electronic circuit is applied to it. This voltage is called the operating voltage. Commonly used relays are available in different configuration of operating voltages like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc. The output section consists of contactors which connect or disconnect mechanically(by the action of magnetic field)
FUTURE SCOPE
Project has been implement by adding wireless analog camera and Human alive check in war field especially for defense system.
Further we can implement and build as Disposal unit.
Embedded system is an emerging field and there is a huge scope for research and development.
CONCLUSION
The project “ BOMB DETECTOR ROBOT” has been successfully designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit.
Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented.
Finally we conclude that EMBEDDED SYSTEM is an emerging field and there is a huge scope for research and development
[attachment=68275]
INTRODUCTION
The law enforcement community needs a low-cost robot that can reduce or eliminate the danger for a bomb technician who must inspect, x-ray, and disrupt an explosive device — preferably in its original place or may be sometimes need to be relocated. Sensors and tools must be placed close to a suspected device. Approaching a device can be dangerous, since many points along the path to the bomb may be booby-trapped. Even when a bomb technician uses great care in inspecting or handling an explosive device . An effective Bomb Detection Unit (BDU) can reduce or eliminate the risk of potentially deadly scenarios and allow a bomb technician to focus on disabling the device. The same feature can be extended to be used in the war fields where the army might be required to go into the hostile situations where mines could have been laid. In such situations in case the human beings are allowed to go traverse over them there will be a major loss in the human resource. Thus a need arises to diffuse or locate a mine from a distance. Even if a BDU cannot diffuse a device, it can still relay information to aid in selecting tools and procedures before a technician approaches a device.
Description:
The system has 2 units. Unit-1 is designed to be a Robotic vehicle which has a metal detector to detect the Bomb,obstacle sensors(to achieve a collision-free movements). A pair of Zigbeetransceiver(2.4GHz) is used to setup the wireless communication between the vehicle and the control room. Once the robot is set to move, the Microcontroller monitors the inputs from all the sensors continuously and if any interrupt is observed, it sends corresponding information to the control room serially through Zigbee.
Zigbee sets up a bi-direction serial communication system through which the robot can also be controlled through wireless from the control room to take necessary actions. In this way the robotic vehicle helps in detecting bombs, alive humans in war fields so that necessary actions could be taken immediately.
MICRO CONTROLLER
Microcontroller is a general purpose device, but one that it is mean read data, perform limited calculation on that data and control its environmental based on those calculation. The prime use of Microcontroller is to control the operation of a machine using a fixed program that is stored in ROM and does not change over the life time of the system unless it is erased.
Micro controller Interrupts
There are five interrupts sources for the 8051, which means that they can recognize 5 different events that can interrupt regular program execution. Each interrupt can be enabled or disabled by setting bits of the IE register. Likewise, the whole interrupt system can be disabled by clearing the EA bit of the same register.
Now, it is necessary to explain a few details referring to external interrupts-INT0 and INT1.If the IT0 and IT1 bits of the TCON register are set, an interrupt will be generated on high to low translation, i.e. on the falling pulse edge (only in that moment).If these bits are cleared, an interrupt will be continuously executed as far as the pins are held low.
ZIGBEE
ZigBee standard consists of a whole suite of specifications designed specifically for wireless networked sensors and controllers. The physical and medium access control (MAC) layers are standardized by the IEEE 802.15 wireless personal area network (WPAN). The standard mainly aims at low cost, low data rate and low power wireless network. The higher layers are specified by the ZigBee Alliance, which is an industry alliance consisting of a full spectrum of companies, ranging from ZigBee chip providers to solution providers. Compared to other wireless communication technologies, ZigBee is designed specifically for providing wireless networking capability for battery-powered, low-cost, low capability sensor and controller nodes, typically powered only by an eight-bit microcontroller. The ZigBee technology is designed to provide a simple and low-cost wireless communication and networking solution for low-data rate and low power consumption applications, such as home monitoring and automation, environmental monitoring, industry controls, and emerging low-rate wireless sensor applications
Applications:
The major applications of ZigBee are focused on sensor network and automatic control, such as personal medical assistance, industrial control, home automation, remote control and monitoring. It is particularly suitable for biotelemetry applications because of low power consumption, e.g., the personal medical monitoring device for senior citizens. Rather than the traditional wired monitoring equipment, the biotelemetry techniques, allow electrical isolation from data processing devices and power lines.
One of the intended application of ZigBee is in-home patient monitoring. A patient‟s vital body parameters, for example blood pressure and heart rate can be measured by wearable devices. The patient wears a ZigBee device that interfaces with a sensor that gathers health related information such as blood pressure on a periodic basis. Then the data is wirelessly transmitted to a local server, such as a personal computer inside the patient‟s home, where initial analysis is performed. Finally the vital information is sent to the patient‟s nurse or physician via the internet for further analysis.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) offer several advantages over traditional cathode-ray tube displays that make them ideal for several applications. Of course, LCDs are flat and they use only a fraction of the power required by cathode-ray tubes.
They are easier to read and more pleasant to work with for long periods of time than most ordinary video monitors. These are several tradeoffs as well, such as limited view angle, brightness, and contrast, not to mention high manufacturing cost.
16×2 LCD is used in this project to display data to user. There are two rows and 16 columns. It is possible to display 16 characters on each of the 2 rows. It has two registers, command register and data register
Metal Detector
It is a Inductive proximity sensors.
Operate under the electrical principle of inductance.
Inductance is the phenomenon where a fluctuating current.
A proximity sensor has four components; the coil, oscillator, detection circuit and output circuit.
The oscillator generates a fluctuating magnetic field the shape of a doughnut around the winding of the coil that locates in the device’s sensing face.
When a metal object moves into the inductive proximity sensor’s field of detection.
The sensor’s detection circuit monitors the oscillator’s strength and triggers an output.
SPDT REALY
Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to isolate two circuits electrically and connect them magnetically. They are very useful devices and allow one circuit to switch another one while they are completely separate. They are often used to interface an electronic circuit (working at a low voltage) to an electrical circuit which works at very high voltage. For example, a relay can make a 5V DC battery circuit to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. Thus a small sensor circuit can drive, say, a fan or an electric bulb.
A relay switch can be divided into two parts: input and output. The input section has a coil which generates magnetic field when a small voltage from an electronic circuit is applied to it. This voltage is called the operating voltage. Commonly used relays are available in different configuration of operating voltages like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc. The output section consists of contactors which connect or disconnect mechanically(by the action of magnetic field)
FUTURE SCOPE
Project has been implement by adding wireless analog camera and Human alive check in war field especially for defense system.
Further we can implement and build as Disposal unit.
Embedded system is an emerging field and there is a huge scope for research and development.
CONCLUSION
The project “ BOMB DETECTOR ROBOT” has been successfully designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit.
Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented.
Finally we conclude that EMBEDDED SYSTEM is an emerging field and there is a huge scope for research and development