23-09-2014, 10:38 AM
MOVEMENT OF CAR
[attachment=68330]
ABSTRACT
The aim in developing this program was to design a simple program to demonstrate the 3D objects, mouse interaction, etc.usingOpen GL application software by applying the skills we learnt in class, and in doing so, to understand the algorithms and the techniques underlying interactive graphics better.
OpenGL remains the standard programmer’s interface both for writing application programs and developing high-level products for multiplatform applications. OpenGL supports applications ranging from large scientific visualizations to cell phones.
A graphics teaches far more than the use of a particular API, but a good API makes it easier to teach key graphics topics, including
• Three-dimensional graphics,
• Lighting and shading,
• Client-server graphics,
• Modeling,
• Implementations algorithms
INTRODUCTION
Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and, more generally, the representation and manipulation of pictorial data by a computer. The development of computer graphics has made computers easier to interact with and better for understanding and interpreting many types of data. Developments in computer graphics have had a profound impact on many types of media and have revolutionized the animation and video game industry. Today computers and computer-generated images touch many aspects of our daily life. Computer imagery is found on television, in newspapers, in weather reports, and during surgical procedures. A well-constructed graph can present complex statistics in a form that is easier to understand and interpret. Such graphs are used to illustrate papers, reports, theses, and other presentation material. A range of tools and facilities are available to enable users to visualize their data, and computer graphics are used in many disciplines. We implement computer graphics using the OpenGL API. OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a standard specification defining a cross-language, cross-platform API for writing applications that produce 2D and 3D computer graphics.
OpenGL is a low-level graphics library specification. It makes available to the programmer a small set of geometric primitives - points, lines, polygons, images, and bitmaps. OpenGL provides a set of commands that allow the specification of geometric objects in two or three dimensions, using the provided primitives, together with commands that control how these objects are rendered (drawn). Since OpenGL drawing commands are limited to those that generate simple geometric primitives (points, lines, and polygons), the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT) has been created to aid in the development of more complicated three-dimensional objects such as a sphere, a torus, and even a teapot. GLUT may not be satisfactory for full-featured OpenGL applications, but it is a useful starting point for learning OpenGL.
GLUT is designed to fill the need for a window system independent programming interface for OpenGL programs. The interface is designed to be simple yet still meet the needs of useful OpenGL programs. Removing window system operations from OpenGL is a sound decision because it allows the OpenGL graphics system to be retargeted to various systems
Advantages of OpenGL
• Industry standard: -An independent consortium, the OpenGL Architecture Review Board, guides the OpenGL specification. With broad industry support, OpenGL is the only truly open, vendor-neutral, multiplatform graphics standard.
• Stable: - OpenGL implementations have been available for more than seven years on a wide variety of platforms. Additions to the specification are well controlled, and proposed updates are announced in time for developers to adopt changes. Backward compatibility requirements ensure that existing applications do not become obsolete.
• Reliable and portable: - All OpenGL applications produce consistent visual display results on any OpenGL API-compliant hardware, regardless of operating system or windowing system.
• Evolving: - Because of its thorough and forward-looking design, OpenGL allows new hardware innovations to be accessible through the API via the OpenGL extension mechanism. In this way, innovations appear in the API in a timely fashion, letting application developers and hardware vendors incorporate new features into their normal product release cycles.
• Scalable: - OpenGL API-based applications can run on systems ranging from consumer electronics to PCs, workstations, and supercomputers. As a result, applications can scale to any class of machine that the developer chooses to target.
• Well-documented: - Numerous books have been published about OpenGL, and a great deal of sample code is readily available, making information about OpenGL inexpensive and easy to obtain
INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
The project “MOVEMENT OF CAR” describes the movement of car across the circular road.
The car has different views .The car’s speed can be increased and decreased using the keyboard interaction. Menu is present so that the user can select different options for different views of the car. In this project there are houses across the circular road. The car can move left and right. The car can be moved and can also be stopped using keyboard interaction. The project has scenery with houses and grass and circular road with white lane.
REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
A requirement definition is an abstract description of the services which the system should provide,and the constraints under which the system must operate.It should only specify the external behavior of the system.
Process Model
The aim in developing this program was to design a simple program to demonstrate the 3D objects, mouse interaction, etc.usingOpen GL application software by applying the skills we learnt in class, and in doing so, to understand the algorithms and the techniques underlying interactive graphics better.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
System Architecture
Graphics systems used general – purpose computers with the standard von Neumann architecture. Such computers are characterized by a single processing unit that processes a single instruction at a time. Information had to be sent to the display at a rate high enough to avoid flicker on the display. In the early days of computer graphics, computers were so slow that refreshing even simple images, containing a few hundred line segments, would burden an expensive computer.
Display Processors
Built special-purpose graphics systems were concerned primarily with relieving the general-purpose computer from the task of refreshing the display continuously. These display processes had conventional architecture but included instruction to display primitives on the CRT. The main advantage of the display processor was that the instructions to generate the image could be assembled once in the host and sent to display processor, where they were stored in display processor’s own memory as a display list, or display file. The display processor would then execute repetitively the program in display list, at a rate sufficient to avoid flicker, independently of the host, thus freeing the host for other tasks. This architecture has become closely associated with the client-server architectures
Conclusion
The project entitled “MOVEMENT OF CAR” is developed with the best of our effort within a limited period of time. Due to time constraint and out of coverage in the syllabus, the complexity of this project has not been fully furnished to attain perfection.
The functions in the package have been implemented and tested to ensure the efficiency of operation and they were found to be quite satisfactory.
After the completion of the development and study of the project I have come to the conclusion that computer graphics using OpenGL can be used to developing a much better and complex application that include 2D and 3D image processing.
[attachment=68330]
ABSTRACT
The aim in developing this program was to design a simple program to demonstrate the 3D objects, mouse interaction, etc.usingOpen GL application software by applying the skills we learnt in class, and in doing so, to understand the algorithms and the techniques underlying interactive graphics better.
OpenGL remains the standard programmer’s interface both for writing application programs and developing high-level products for multiplatform applications. OpenGL supports applications ranging from large scientific visualizations to cell phones.
A graphics teaches far more than the use of a particular API, but a good API makes it easier to teach key graphics topics, including
• Three-dimensional graphics,
• Lighting and shading,
• Client-server graphics,
• Modeling,
• Implementations algorithms
INTRODUCTION
Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and, more generally, the representation and manipulation of pictorial data by a computer. The development of computer graphics has made computers easier to interact with and better for understanding and interpreting many types of data. Developments in computer graphics have had a profound impact on many types of media and have revolutionized the animation and video game industry. Today computers and computer-generated images touch many aspects of our daily life. Computer imagery is found on television, in newspapers, in weather reports, and during surgical procedures. A well-constructed graph can present complex statistics in a form that is easier to understand and interpret. Such graphs are used to illustrate papers, reports, theses, and other presentation material. A range of tools and facilities are available to enable users to visualize their data, and computer graphics are used in many disciplines. We implement computer graphics using the OpenGL API. OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a standard specification defining a cross-language, cross-platform API for writing applications that produce 2D and 3D computer graphics.
OpenGL is a low-level graphics library specification. It makes available to the programmer a small set of geometric primitives - points, lines, polygons, images, and bitmaps. OpenGL provides a set of commands that allow the specification of geometric objects in two or three dimensions, using the provided primitives, together with commands that control how these objects are rendered (drawn). Since OpenGL drawing commands are limited to those that generate simple geometric primitives (points, lines, and polygons), the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT) has been created to aid in the development of more complicated three-dimensional objects such as a sphere, a torus, and even a teapot. GLUT may not be satisfactory for full-featured OpenGL applications, but it is a useful starting point for learning OpenGL.
GLUT is designed to fill the need for a window system independent programming interface for OpenGL programs. The interface is designed to be simple yet still meet the needs of useful OpenGL programs. Removing window system operations from OpenGL is a sound decision because it allows the OpenGL graphics system to be retargeted to various systems
Advantages of OpenGL
• Industry standard: -An independent consortium, the OpenGL Architecture Review Board, guides the OpenGL specification. With broad industry support, OpenGL is the only truly open, vendor-neutral, multiplatform graphics standard.
• Stable: - OpenGL implementations have been available for more than seven years on a wide variety of platforms. Additions to the specification are well controlled, and proposed updates are announced in time for developers to adopt changes. Backward compatibility requirements ensure that existing applications do not become obsolete.
• Reliable and portable: - All OpenGL applications produce consistent visual display results on any OpenGL API-compliant hardware, regardless of operating system or windowing system.
• Evolving: - Because of its thorough and forward-looking design, OpenGL allows new hardware innovations to be accessible through the API via the OpenGL extension mechanism. In this way, innovations appear in the API in a timely fashion, letting application developers and hardware vendors incorporate new features into their normal product release cycles.
• Scalable: - OpenGL API-based applications can run on systems ranging from consumer electronics to PCs, workstations, and supercomputers. As a result, applications can scale to any class of machine that the developer chooses to target.
• Well-documented: - Numerous books have been published about OpenGL, and a great deal of sample code is readily available, making information about OpenGL inexpensive and easy to obtain
INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
The project “MOVEMENT OF CAR” describes the movement of car across the circular road.
The car has different views .The car’s speed can be increased and decreased using the keyboard interaction. Menu is present so that the user can select different options for different views of the car. In this project there are houses across the circular road. The car can move left and right. The car can be moved and can also be stopped using keyboard interaction. The project has scenery with houses and grass and circular road with white lane.
REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
A requirement definition is an abstract description of the services which the system should provide,and the constraints under which the system must operate.It should only specify the external behavior of the system.
Process Model
The aim in developing this program was to design a simple program to demonstrate the 3D objects, mouse interaction, etc.usingOpen GL application software by applying the skills we learnt in class, and in doing so, to understand the algorithms and the techniques underlying interactive graphics better.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
System Architecture
Graphics systems used general – purpose computers with the standard von Neumann architecture. Such computers are characterized by a single processing unit that processes a single instruction at a time. Information had to be sent to the display at a rate high enough to avoid flicker on the display. In the early days of computer graphics, computers were so slow that refreshing even simple images, containing a few hundred line segments, would burden an expensive computer.
Display Processors
Built special-purpose graphics systems were concerned primarily with relieving the general-purpose computer from the task of refreshing the display continuously. These display processes had conventional architecture but included instruction to display primitives on the CRT. The main advantage of the display processor was that the instructions to generate the image could be assembled once in the host and sent to display processor, where they were stored in display processor’s own memory as a display list, or display file. The display processor would then execute repetitively the program in display list, at a rate sufficient to avoid flicker, independently of the host, thus freeing the host for other tasks. This architecture has become closely associated with the client-server architectures
Conclusion
The project entitled “MOVEMENT OF CAR” is developed with the best of our effort within a limited period of time. Due to time constraint and out of coverage in the syllabus, the complexity of this project has not been fully furnished to attain perfection.
The functions in the package have been implemented and tested to ensure the efficiency of operation and they were found to be quite satisfactory.
After the completion of the development and study of the project I have come to the conclusion that computer graphics using OpenGL can be used to developing a much better and complex application that include 2D and 3D image processing.