25-09-2014, 03:08 PM
Abstracts: The design of Regional water distribution systems for Kudasan is done by using Branch design software with taking into consideration the peak factor of 1.20 which affects local operating conditions of intermittent supply, which is a way of operating the water distribution systems in most rural areas of Gujarat. By this way the water distribution systems are divided into several Head works (pressure zones) through which water is supplied to a large number of habitations with a high quantity of water in a shorter period. This way makes the using of the house hold level storage tanks very efficient during the non – supply intervals, so that the hydraulic performance of the water networks expected to be affected by affecting the pressure and velocities values. To investigate the behavior of the water distribution system under the action of intermittent pumping, the Kudasan water distribution network has been taken as a case study and a procedure of modeling the system as in reality depending on operational factors, ways of operating and managing the system, representing each cluster of habitations by one (Head work) consumption node, making control by check valves, modeling the system by using (Branch Software). The outputs show that the network is exposed to relatively high values of pressure and velocity, which have negative effects on the performance of the network. The comparison of flow results and field measurements at specific locations shows a reasonable difference. The study of the system which is designed as continuous supply system and operating as intermittent system reveals that its performance depends on assumptions of future water requirement, availability of water and overcoming the problems of pressures by using valves at specific locations by operators. This shows the ability of the existing system to serve the Kudasan area and to cope with the future extension. The output values of velocities are higher than the assumed limits of velocities (0.1 m/s – 0.3 m/s) to avoid stagnation and quality water problems, also the pressure values are within the limits of the design pressures on the branch lines. Further evaluation has been carried out to investigate the daily water supply and consumption, daily peak factors and to study the variations of flow levels at habitations in village sumps/tanks under the intermittent supply by measuring of daily water supply for different villages. The average daily peak factor was calculated to be 8.0, and a value of 75 l/c/d was recorded as average daily water consumption.