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Exploration geophysics is an applied branch of geophysics, which uses physical methods such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical, and electromagnetic at the surface of the Earth to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with anomalies in those properties . It is most often used to detect or infer the presence and location of economically useful geological deposits, such as minerals; Fossil fuels and other hydrocarbons; Geothermal reservoirs; And underground water reservoirs.

Exploration geophysics can be used to directly detect the target mineralisation style by measuring its physical properties directly. For example, density contrasts between the dense iron ore and the lighter silicate host rock can be measured, or the electrical conductivity contrast between the conducting sulphide minerals and the resistive silicate host rock can be measured.

Geophysical methods

The main techniques used are:
1. Seismic methods, such as seismology by reflection, seismic refraction and seismic tomography.
2. Geodesy and gravity techniques, including gravity gradiometry.
3. Magnetic techniques, including aeromagnetic studies.
4. Electrical techniques, including electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization.
5. Electromagnetic methods, such as magnetotellurics, ground penetration radar and transient / time domain electromagnetism.
6. Geophysics of the well, also called well logging.
7. Remote sensing techniques, including hyperspectral imaging.
Many other techniques or methods of integration of the prior art have been developed and are currently used. However, these are not so common because of the profitability, wide applicability and / or uncertainty in the results produced.