05-01-2016, 03:56 PM
iOS, originally iPhone OS is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. and distributed exclusively for Apple hardware. It is derived from Mac os X. It is the operating system that presently powers many of the company's mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.Available in 34 languages worldwide
The iOS user interface is based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures. Interface control elements consist of sliders, switches, and buttons. Interaction with the OS includes gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch, all of which have specific definitions within the context of the iOS operating system and its multi-touch interface. Internalaccelerometers are used by some applications to respond to shaking the device (one common result is the undo command) or rotating it in three dimensions (one common result is switching from portrait to landscape mode).
Other iOS features include:
• Integrated search: It support enables simultaneous search through files, media, applications and email.
• Gesture recognition: It supports, for example, shaking the device to undo the most recent action.
• Google Maps direction services.
• Push email.
• Safari mobile browser: It is the default web browser for Apple iphones.
• Integrated camera and video.
• Integrated media player.
• Direct access to the Apple Store’s catalogue of applications, music, podcasts, television shows and movies.
• Compatibility with Apple’s cloud service, iCloud.
Originally unveiled in 2007 for the iPhone, it has been extended to support other Apple devices such as the iPod Touch in September 2007, iPad in January 2010, iPad Mini in November 2012 and second-generation Apple TV onward from September 2010. As of January 2015, Apple's App Store contained more than 1.4 million iOS applications, 725,000 of which are native for iPads. Thesemobile apps have collectively been downloaded more than 100 billion times. It had a 21% share of the smartphone mobile operating system units shipped in the fourth quarter of 2012, behind Google's Android. By the middle of 2012, there were 410 million devices activated. At WWDC 2014, Tim Cook said 800 million devices had been sold by June 2014. During Apple's quarterly earnings call in January 27, 2015, Apple announced that they have now sold one billion iOS devices since the original iPhone in 2007.
Architecture of iOS:
Similar to basic architecture found in Mac OS X. The iOS acts as intermediate between the applications and hardware.
The Kernel Type is Hybrid Kernel Architecture.
The operating system manages the device hardware and provides the technologies required to implement native apps. The operating system also ships with various system apps, such as Phone, Mail, and Safari, that provide standard system services to the user. The iOS Software Development Kit (SDK) contains the tools and interfaces needed to develop, install, run, and test native apps that appear on an iOS device’s Home screen. Native apps are built using the iOS system frameworks and Objective-C language and run directly on iOS. Unlike web apps, native apps are installed physically on a device and are therefore always available to the user, even when the device is in Airplane mode.
Layers in iOS Architecture:
The various layers that comprise the iPhone OS we can now look in more detail at the services provided by each layer and the corresponding frameworks that make those services available to us as app developers.
The iOS Architecture is layered and it consists of four Abstraction layers. At the highest level, iOS acts as an intermediary between the underlying hardware and the apps you create. Apps do not talk to the underlying hardware directly. Instead, they communicate with the hardware through a set of well-defined system interfaces. These interfaces make it easy to write apps that work consistently on devices having different hardware capabilities.
The implementation of iOS technologies can be viewed as a set of layers, which are shown in Figure I-1. Lower layers contain fundamental services and technologies. Higher-level layers build upon the lower layers and provide more sophisticated services and technologies.
The iOS user interface is based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures. Interface control elements consist of sliders, switches, and buttons. Interaction with the OS includes gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch, all of which have specific definitions within the context of the iOS operating system and its multi-touch interface. Internalaccelerometers are used by some applications to respond to shaking the device (one common result is the undo command) or rotating it in three dimensions (one common result is switching from portrait to landscape mode).
Other iOS features include:
• Integrated search: It support enables simultaneous search through files, media, applications and email.
• Gesture recognition: It supports, for example, shaking the device to undo the most recent action.
• Google Maps direction services.
• Push email.
• Safari mobile browser: It is the default web browser for Apple iphones.
• Integrated camera and video.
• Integrated media player.
• Direct access to the Apple Store’s catalogue of applications, music, podcasts, television shows and movies.
• Compatibility with Apple’s cloud service, iCloud.
Originally unveiled in 2007 for the iPhone, it has been extended to support other Apple devices such as the iPod Touch in September 2007, iPad in January 2010, iPad Mini in November 2012 and second-generation Apple TV onward from September 2010. As of January 2015, Apple's App Store contained more than 1.4 million iOS applications, 725,000 of which are native for iPads. Thesemobile apps have collectively been downloaded more than 100 billion times. It had a 21% share of the smartphone mobile operating system units shipped in the fourth quarter of 2012, behind Google's Android. By the middle of 2012, there were 410 million devices activated. At WWDC 2014, Tim Cook said 800 million devices had been sold by June 2014. During Apple's quarterly earnings call in January 27, 2015, Apple announced that they have now sold one billion iOS devices since the original iPhone in 2007.
Architecture of iOS:
Similar to basic architecture found in Mac OS X. The iOS acts as intermediate between the applications and hardware.
The Kernel Type is Hybrid Kernel Architecture.
The operating system manages the device hardware and provides the technologies required to implement native apps. The operating system also ships with various system apps, such as Phone, Mail, and Safari, that provide standard system services to the user. The iOS Software Development Kit (SDK) contains the tools and interfaces needed to develop, install, run, and test native apps that appear on an iOS device’s Home screen. Native apps are built using the iOS system frameworks and Objective-C language and run directly on iOS. Unlike web apps, native apps are installed physically on a device and are therefore always available to the user, even when the device is in Airplane mode.
Layers in iOS Architecture:
The various layers that comprise the iPhone OS we can now look in more detail at the services provided by each layer and the corresponding frameworks that make those services available to us as app developers.
The iOS Architecture is layered and it consists of four Abstraction layers. At the highest level, iOS acts as an intermediary between the underlying hardware and the apps you create. Apps do not talk to the underlying hardware directly. Instead, they communicate with the hardware through a set of well-defined system interfaces. These interfaces make it easy to write apps that work consistently on devices having different hardware capabilities.
The implementation of iOS technologies can be viewed as a set of layers, which are shown in Figure I-1. Lower layers contain fundamental services and technologies. Higher-level layers build upon the lower layers and provide more sophisticated services and technologies.