25-08-2016, 11:07 AM
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ABSTRACT
Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of how people design, implement, and use interactive computer systems and how computers affect individuals, organizations and society. This encompasses not only ease of use but also new interaction techniques for supporting user tasks, providing better access to information, and creating more powerful forms of communication. It involves input and output devices and the interaction techniques that use them; how information is presented and requested; how the computer’s actions are controlled and monitored; all forms of help, documentation, and training; the tools used to design, build, test, and evaluate user interfaces; and the processes that developers follow when creating Interfaces. This paper is an attempt to highlights the study of interaction between people (users) and computers.
Keywords
Human Computer Interaction, Human Information Processing,
Decision Making
1. INTRODUCTION
Human–computer interaction (HCI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. It is often regarded as the intersection of computer science, behavioral sciences, design and several other fields of study. Interaction between users and computers occurs at the user interface, which includes both software and hardware; for example, characters or objects displayed by software on a personal computer's monitor, input received from users via hardware peripherals such as keyboards and mice, and other user interactions with large-scale computerized systems such as aircraft and power plants. The Association for Computing Machinery defines human-computer interaction as "a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them. Because human-computer interaction studies a human and a machine in conjunction, it draws from supporting knowledge on both the machine and the human side. On the machine side, techniques in computer graphics, operating systems, programming languages, and development environments are relevant. On the human side, communication theory, graphic and industrial design disciplines, linguistics, social sciences, cognitive psychology, and human factors are relevant. Engineering and design methods are also relevant. [1] Due to the multidisciplinary nature of HCI, people with different backgrounds contribute to its success. HCI is also sometimes referred to as man–machine interaction (MMI) or computer–human interaction (CHI).
2. HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
The human–computer interaction can be described as the point of communication between the human user and the computer. The flow of information between the human and computer is defined as the loop of interaction [2] [3]. The loop of interaction has several aspects to it including:
1. Task Environment: The conditions and goals set upon the user.
2. Machine Environment: The environment that the computer is connected to.
3. Areas of the Interface: Non-overlapping areas involve processes of the human and computer not pertaining to their interaction. Meanwhile, the overlapping areas only concern themselves with the processes pertaining to their interaction.
4. Input Flow: The flow of information that begins in the task environment, when the user has some task that requires using their computer.
5. Output: The flow of information that originates in the machine environment.
6. Feedback: Loops through the interface that evaluate, moderate, and confirm processes as they pass from the human through the interface to the computer and back.
3. HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION GOALS
The basic goal of HCI is to improve the interactions between users and computers by making computers more usable and receptive to the user's needs. Specifically, HCI is concerned with:
1. Methodologies and processes for designing interfaces (i.e., given a task and a class of users, design the best possible interface within given constraints, optimizing for a desired property such as learning ability or efficiency of use).
2. Methods for implementing interfaces (e.g. software toolkits and libraries; efficient algorithms)
3. Techniques for evaluating and comparing interfaces
4. Developing new interfaces and interaction techniques
5. Developing descriptive and predictive models and theories of interaction
ABSTRACT
Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of how people design, implement, and use interactive computer systems and how computers affect individuals, organizations and society. This encompasses not only ease of use but also new interaction techniques for supporting user tasks, providing better access to information, and creating more powerful forms of communication. It involves input and output devices and the interaction techniques that use them; how information is presented and requested; how the computer’s actions are controlled and monitored; all forms of help, documentation, and training; the tools used to design, build, test, and evaluate user interfaces; and the processes that developers follow when creating Interfaces. This paper is an attempt to highlights the study of interaction between people (users) and computers.
Keywords
Human Computer Interaction, Human Information Processing,
Decision Making
1. INTRODUCTION
Human–computer interaction (HCI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. It is often regarded as the intersection of computer science, behavioral sciences, design and several other fields of study. Interaction between users and computers occurs at the user interface, which includes both software and hardware; for example, characters or objects displayed by software on a personal computer's monitor, input received from users via hardware peripherals such as keyboards and mice, and other user interactions with large-scale computerized systems such as aircraft and power plants. The Association for Computing Machinery defines human-computer interaction as "a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them. Because human-computer interaction studies a human and a machine in conjunction, it draws from supporting knowledge on both the machine and the human side. On the machine side, techniques in computer graphics, operating systems, programming languages, and development environments are relevant. On the human side, communication theory, graphic and industrial design disciplines, linguistics, social sciences, cognitive psychology, and human factors are relevant. Engineering and design methods are also relevant. [1] Due to the multidisciplinary nature of HCI, people with different backgrounds contribute to its success. HCI is also sometimes referred to as man–machine interaction (MMI) or computer–human interaction (CHI).
2. HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
The human–computer interaction can be described as the point of communication between the human user and the computer. The flow of information between the human and computer is defined as the loop of interaction [2] [3]. The loop of interaction has several aspects to it including:
1. Task Environment: The conditions and goals set upon the user.
2. Machine Environment: The environment that the computer is connected to.
3. Areas of the Interface: Non-overlapping areas involve processes of the human and computer not pertaining to their interaction. Meanwhile, the overlapping areas only concern themselves with the processes pertaining to their interaction.
4. Input Flow: The flow of information that begins in the task environment, when the user has some task that requires using their computer.
5. Output: The flow of information that originates in the machine environment.
6. Feedback: Loops through the interface that evaluate, moderate, and confirm processes as they pass from the human through the interface to the computer and back.
3. HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION GOALS
The basic goal of HCI is to improve the interactions between users and computers by making computers more usable and receptive to the user's needs. Specifically, HCI is concerned with:
1. Methodologies and processes for designing interfaces (i.e., given a task and a class of users, design the best possible interface within given constraints, optimizing for a desired property such as learning ability or efficiency of use).
2. Methods for implementing interfaces (e.g. software toolkits and libraries; efficient algorithms)
3. Techniques for evaluating and comparing interfaces
4. Developing new interfaces and interaction techniques
5. Developing descriptive and predictive models and theories of interaction