25-08-2016, 11:48 AM
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ABSTRACT
Green Computing is one the recent trends that’s growing with a tremendous phase in IT sector. Now each company are following the green principles before the design of their systems. Green computing helps in reducing the pollution and destruction of environment. The basic principles that are followed here are green disposal, green design and green manufacturing, which are achieved through a series of ways like power management, green data center, e-waste disposal and virtualization etc,. Here we look at detailed view of virtualization. Firstly we look at all the four levels in a glance, then we look more deep on each level and we see the way of achieving it with good real time examples. Then we go on to look into the embodied energy and the other new levels of virtualization. Finally we look about getting a return on the embodied energy costs of buying a new virtualization server.
I. INTRODUCTION
Green Computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. Typically, green computing systems or products take into account the so-called triple bottom line of people, planet, and profit. This differs somewhat from traditional or standard business practices that focus mainly on the economic viability of a computing solution. These focuses are similar to those of green chemistry; reduction of the use of hazardous materials such as lead at the manufacturing and recycling stages, maximized energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and recyclability or biodegradability of both a defunct product and of any factory waste. It is "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems—efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. Thus, green IT includes the dimensions of environmental sustainability, the economics of energy efficiency, and the total cost of ownership, which includes the cost of disposal and recycling.
III. GREEN MATURITY MODEL FOR individual server deployments do not need to consume
VIRTUALIZATION
Virtualization is a term used to mean many things, but in its broader sense, it refers to the idea of sharing. To understand the different forms of virtualization and the architectural implications for creating and deploying new applications, we propose a reference model to describe the differing forms of the concept.
In this model we observe a number of different layers of abstraction at which virtualization can be applied, which we describe as increasing levels of maturity, shown in Table 1. We assert that higher levels of virtualization maturity correspond to lower energy consumption, and therefore architectures based on higher levels of maturity are ―greener‖ than those at lower levels, which we discuss further on.
the hardware resources of dedicated hardware, and these resources can therefore be shared across multiple logical servers. This is the level most often associated with the term virtualization. The difference from Level 1 is that the hardware and software infrastructure upon which applications/ servers are run is itself shared (virtualized).
For server infrastructure, this is accomplished with platforms such as Microsoft Virtual Server and VMware among others, where a single physical server can run many virtual servers. For storage solutions, this level is accomplished with Storage Area Network (SAN) related technologies, where physical storage devices can be aggregated and partitioned into logical storage that appears to servers as dedicated storage but can be managed much more efficiently. The analogous concept in networking at this level is the Virtual Private Network (VPN) where shared networks are configured to present a logical private and secure network much more efficiently than if a dedicated network
were to be set up.
A. Level 0 (“Local”):
Means no virtualization at all. Applications are all resident on individual PCs, with no sharing of data or server resources.
B. Level 1 (“Logical Virtualization”):
Introduces the idea of sharing applications. This might be, for example, through the use of departmental servers running applications that are accessed by many client PCs.
This first appeared in the mainstream as mainframe and then ―client/server‖ technology, and later with more sophisticated N-tier structures. Although not conventionally considered virtualization, in fact, it is arguably the most important step. Large organizations typically have a large portfolio of applications, with considerable functional overlaps between applications. For example, there may be numerous systems carrying out customer relationship management (CRM) functions.
V. EMBODIED ENERGY
Embodied energy refers to the quantity of energy required to manufacture, and supply to the point of use, a product, material or service. When considering the energy/emissions impact of IT equipment, the embodied energy of each element must be considered as well as the operational energy consumption for that equipment. Embodied energy is significant. About 80 percent of the overall emissions over the complete product life cycle for a laptop are attributable to embodied energy, only 20 percent relate to in-use energy consumption. For a desktop PC and monitor about 70 percent is attributable to embodied energy. Embodied energy for a server is lower, about 25 percent of the life cycle emissions, but is still significant and must be considered.
We assert that larger servers are more efficient in terms of the embodied energy per unit of capacity, compared to the equivalent number of smaller servers. Therefore, apart from any direct energy consumption savings associated with reducing the number of servers, there will be a reduction in embodied energy in reducing the number of servers through virtualization.
Embodied energy means there can be a big sacrifice in deploying an application in a data center if it subsequently gets migrated to the cloud (meaning the embodied energy of the original deployment hardware is ―thrown away‖). A driving factor in moving through the virtualization levels from an energy point of view is to consider the embodied energy implications of moving up the levels. If you have to purchase a lot of new hardware to move from one level to the next, the embodied energy in these additions may negate the benefits in operational savings. This is why it is critical to consider the embodied energy as part of the entire lifecycle energy footprint during application design, and in selection of deployment architecture.
ABSTRACT
Green Computing is one the recent trends that’s growing with a tremendous phase in IT sector. Now each company are following the green principles before the design of their systems. Green computing helps in reducing the pollution and destruction of environment. The basic principles that are followed here are green disposal, green design and green manufacturing, which are achieved through a series of ways like power management, green data center, e-waste disposal and virtualization etc,. Here we look at detailed view of virtualization. Firstly we look at all the four levels in a glance, then we look more deep on each level and we see the way of achieving it with good real time examples. Then we go on to look into the embodied energy and the other new levels of virtualization. Finally we look about getting a return on the embodied energy costs of buying a new virtualization server.
I. INTRODUCTION
Green Computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. Typically, green computing systems or products take into account the so-called triple bottom line of people, planet, and profit. This differs somewhat from traditional or standard business practices that focus mainly on the economic viability of a computing solution. These focuses are similar to those of green chemistry; reduction of the use of hazardous materials such as lead at the manufacturing and recycling stages, maximized energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and recyclability or biodegradability of both a defunct product and of any factory waste. It is "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems—efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. Thus, green IT includes the dimensions of environmental sustainability, the economics of energy efficiency, and the total cost of ownership, which includes the cost of disposal and recycling.
III. GREEN MATURITY MODEL FOR individual server deployments do not need to consume
VIRTUALIZATION
Virtualization is a term used to mean many things, but in its broader sense, it refers to the idea of sharing. To understand the different forms of virtualization and the architectural implications for creating and deploying new applications, we propose a reference model to describe the differing forms of the concept.
In this model we observe a number of different layers of abstraction at which virtualization can be applied, which we describe as increasing levels of maturity, shown in Table 1. We assert that higher levels of virtualization maturity correspond to lower energy consumption, and therefore architectures based on higher levels of maturity are ―greener‖ than those at lower levels, which we discuss further on.
the hardware resources of dedicated hardware, and these resources can therefore be shared across multiple logical servers. This is the level most often associated with the term virtualization. The difference from Level 1 is that the hardware and software infrastructure upon which applications/ servers are run is itself shared (virtualized).
For server infrastructure, this is accomplished with platforms such as Microsoft Virtual Server and VMware among others, where a single physical server can run many virtual servers. For storage solutions, this level is accomplished with Storage Area Network (SAN) related technologies, where physical storage devices can be aggregated and partitioned into logical storage that appears to servers as dedicated storage but can be managed much more efficiently. The analogous concept in networking at this level is the Virtual Private Network (VPN) where shared networks are configured to present a logical private and secure network much more efficiently than if a dedicated network
were to be set up.
A. Level 0 (“Local”):
Means no virtualization at all. Applications are all resident on individual PCs, with no sharing of data or server resources.
B. Level 1 (“Logical Virtualization”):
Introduces the idea of sharing applications. This might be, for example, through the use of departmental servers running applications that are accessed by many client PCs.
This first appeared in the mainstream as mainframe and then ―client/server‖ technology, and later with more sophisticated N-tier structures. Although not conventionally considered virtualization, in fact, it is arguably the most important step. Large organizations typically have a large portfolio of applications, with considerable functional overlaps between applications. For example, there may be numerous systems carrying out customer relationship management (CRM) functions.
V. EMBODIED ENERGY
Embodied energy refers to the quantity of energy required to manufacture, and supply to the point of use, a product, material or service. When considering the energy/emissions impact of IT equipment, the embodied energy of each element must be considered as well as the operational energy consumption for that equipment. Embodied energy is significant. About 80 percent of the overall emissions over the complete product life cycle for a laptop are attributable to embodied energy, only 20 percent relate to in-use energy consumption. For a desktop PC and monitor about 70 percent is attributable to embodied energy. Embodied energy for a server is lower, about 25 percent of the life cycle emissions, but is still significant and must be considered.
We assert that larger servers are more efficient in terms of the embodied energy per unit of capacity, compared to the equivalent number of smaller servers. Therefore, apart from any direct energy consumption savings associated with reducing the number of servers, there will be a reduction in embodied energy in reducing the number of servers through virtualization.
Embodied energy means there can be a big sacrifice in deploying an application in a data center if it subsequently gets migrated to the cloud (meaning the embodied energy of the original deployment hardware is ―thrown away‖). A driving factor in moving through the virtualization levels from an energy point of view is to consider the embodied energy implications of moving up the levels. If you have to purchase a lot of new hardware to move from one level to the next, the embodied energy in these additions may negate the benefits in operational savings. This is why it is critical to consider the embodied energy as part of the entire lifecycle energy footprint during application design, and in selection of deployment architecture.