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ACOUSTICS IN AUDITORIUMS


ACOUSTICS:
"Acoustics" is a science of sound, which deals with origin, propagation and auditory sensation of sound, and also with design & construction of different building units to set optimum conditions for producing &listening speech, music, etc.
While our forefathers lived in relative tranquility, we are subjected to an incredible increase in the sources of noise and noise intensity both inside & outside our buildings, often with serious and harmful effects. At the same time, it has become an accepted practice to replace the conventionally thick and heavy building construction with thin, light, prefabricated, sometimes even movable building elements. There is also a growing demand for considerably improved hearing conditions. The knowledge of this science is essential for proper functioning of theaters, auditoriums, hospitals, conference halls, etc. also buildings are becoming increasingly mechanized. Use of A.C., work machines, appliances like: vacuum cleaners, typewriters, etc., noise pattern of building has increased, leading to greater need of noise control.
All these elements have contributed to make " ARCHITECTURAL ACCOUSTICS " an essential discipline in the control of interior & exterior environment.
AUDITORIUMS:
An auditorium includes any room intended for listening to music, including theaters, churches, music halls, classrooms, and meeting halls. The design of various types of auditoriums has become a complex problem in contemporary times, because in addition to itsvarious, sometimes conflicting, aesthetics, functional, technical, artistic and economical requirements, an auditorium often has to accommodate an imprecedentedly large audience. These are nowadays being used as multipurpose rooms in almost every field, stating from a small school to official buildings.
Hearing conditions in any auditorium are considerably affected by purely architectural considerations like - shape, dimensions and volume, layout of boundary surfaces, seating arrangements, audience capacity, surface treatment and materials used for interior-decoration. Seeing to the increasing use of auditoriums in present scenario, the study of acoustical concepts in "AUDITORIUM DESIGN" is a necessity.

please post the full seminar with case studies..
with regards
arnab

Hi,
the following links have the topics similar to the above topic:
http://www.scribddoc/34457837/Auditorium-Acoustic
http://church-acousticspdf/aa104.pdf

A SEMINAR REPORT ON ACOUSTICS IN AUDITORIUMS

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INTRODUCTION

ACOUSTICS:

"Acoustics" is a science of sound, which deals with origin, propagation and auditory sensation of sound, and also with design & construction of different building units to set optimum conditions for producing &listening speech, music, etc.
While our forefathers lived in relative tranquility, we are subjected to an incredible increase in the sources of noise and noise intensity both inside & outside our buildings, often with serious and harmful effects. At the same time, it has become an accepted practice to replace the conventionally thick and heavy building construction with thin, light, prefabricated, sometimes even movable building elements. There is also a growing demand for considerably improved hearing conditions. The knowledge of this science is essential for proper functioning of theaters, auditoriums, hospitals, conference halls, etc. also buildings are becoming increasingly mechanized. Use of A.C., work machines, appliances like: vacuum cleaners, typewriters, etc., noise pattern of building has increased, leading to greater need of noise control.

AUDITORIUMS:

An auditorium includes any room intended for listening to music, including theaters, churches, music halls, classrooms, and meeting halls. The design of various types of auditoriums has become a complex problem in contemporary times, because in addition to its
various, sometimes conflicting, aesthetics, functional, technical, artistic and economical requirements, an auditorium often has to accommodate an imprecedentedly large audience. These are nowadays being used as multipurpose rooms in almost every field, stating from a small school to official buildings.
Hearing conditions in any auditorium are considerably affected by purely architectural considerations like - shape, dimensions and volume, layout of boundary surfaces, seating arrangements, audience capacity, surface treatment and materials used for interior-decoration. Seeing to the increasing use of auditoriums in present scenario, the study of acoustical concepts in "AUDITORIUM DESIGN" is a necessity.

FREQUENCY & PITCH:

Frequency is defined as the number of cycles, which a sounding body makes in each unit time. The unit of frequency is hertz.
The attribute of an auditory sensation which enables us to order sounds on a scale extending from low to high frequency is called pitch. It is a measure of the quality of a sound. It is that characteristic by which a shrill sound can be distinguished from a grave one, even though the two have same intensity. A sound sensation having pitch is called tone. Pure tone is a sound sensation of a single frequency, characterized by its singleness of pitch. Complex tones are sound sensations characterized by more than one frequency.
A normal ear responds to sounds within the audio-frequency range of about 20 to 20,000 Hz. The frequencies most commonly used in acoustical measurements are 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000& 4000 cps. Additional frequencies are generally used for determining sound attenuation factors of partitions and floors.

SOUND PRESSURE:

The average variation in atmospheric pressure above or below the static pressure due to a sound wave is called the sound pressure. The unit of SP is the microbar, which is the pressure of 1 dyne/sq cm or approx. one millionth of the normal atmospheric pressure. The standard scale used to measure sound pressure in physical acoustics extends over a wide range, which makes it awkward to deal with. Furthermore, it does not take into account the fact that the ear does not respond equally to the changes of sound pressures at all levels of intensity. For these reasons, sound pressures are measured on a logarithmic scale, called decibel scale.

SOUND POWER:

Sound power or acoustic power of a source is the rate at which it emits sound energy. This power may be; 1) the total power radiated by the source over its entire frequency range; 2) the power radiated between limited frequency range; 3) the power radiated in each of the series of frequency bands.

HUMAN EAR AND HEARING:

The minimum sound pressure level of a sound that is capable of evoking an auditory sensation in the ears of an observer is called the threshold of audibility (0). When the pressure level of the sound is increased, it eventually reaches a level of sound, which stimulates the ear to the point at which discomfort gives way to definite pain; this level of pressure is the threshold of pain (130 db).

SPEECH, MUSIC AND NOISE:

Sound may, and usually does, have several frequencies at the same time. The lowest frequency is called the fundamental, and all others are called overtones. Speech sound also contains a fundamental frequency or pitch, which is produced by the vocal chords. This depends on individual. The fundamental frequency of men is 125cycles, and of women is 250 cycles. Noise is defined as unwanted sound. Physically a noise differs from a musical sound in not having a definite frequency or a series of simply related frequencies.

SOURCES OF NOISE:

Sources of noise can be classified as those originating outside and those originating inside a building.

OUTSIDE NOISE:

Motor traffic and airplanes are major sources of noise. The exhaust of big jet can develop 120db or more. Other sources are power lawnmowers, children playing, etc. Even the weather- the whistle of the wind and rain- can be the source of noise.

INSIDE NOISE:

Motor driven appliances are the principle source. These are dishwashers, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, exhaust, Ac, radios, TV's, etc.

Thank you very much for the post .
It is really helpful for me and I think for many people who are working in this field .
I am working on now a project and that is to save a building from different incidents how we should construct the buildings. In developed country this problem is increasing day by day .