23-09-2016, 10:55 AM
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ABSTRACT Smart world is envisioned as an era in which objects (e.g., watches, mobile phones, computers, cars, buses, and trains) can automatically and intelligently serve people in a collaborative manner. Paving the way for smart world, Internet of Things (IoT) connects everything in the smart world. Motivated by achieving a sustainable smart world, this paper discusses various technologies and issues regarding green IoT, which further reduces the energy consumption of IoT. Particularly, an overview regarding IoT and green IoT is performed rst. Then, the hot green information and communications technologies (ICTs) (e.g., green radio-frequency identi cation, green wireless sensor network, green cloud computing, green machine to machine, and green data center) enabling green IoT are studied, and general green ICT principles are summarized. Furthermore, the latest developments and future vision about sensor cloud, which is a novel paradigm in green IoT, are reviewed and introduced, respectively. Finally, future research directions and open problems about green IoT are presented. Our work targets to be an enlightening and latest guidance for research with respect to green IoT and smart world.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. SMART WORLD
With the rapid development of science and technology, the world is becoming ``smart''. Living in such a smart world [1], people will be automatically and collaboratively served by the smart devices (e.g., watches, mobile phones, computers), smart transportation (e.g., cars, buses, trains), smart environ-ments (e.g., homes, of ces, factories), etc. For example, using a global positioning system (GPS), a person's location can be continuously uploaded to a server that instantly returns the best route to the person's travel destination, keeping the person from getting stuck in traf c. In addition, the audio sensor inside a person's mobile phone can automatically detect and send any abnormality in a person's voice to a server that compares the abnormality with a series of voiceprints to determine whether the person has some illness. Eventually, all aspects regarding people's cyber, physical, social and mental world will be interconnected and intelligent in smart world. As the next important stage in human history, smart world is receiving numerous attention from academia, industry, government, etc.
B. RESEARCH MOTIVATION
Our world is consisted of various ``things''. As one of the enablers of smart world, internet of things (IoT) [2] [7] targets to connect various objects (e.g., mobile phones, com-puters, cars, appliances) with unique addresses, to enable them interacting with each other and with the world. Further, green IoT targets at a sustainable smart world, by reducing the energy consumption of IoT.
In this paper, aiming at ful lling a sustainable smart world, we position our focus on green IoT and study various technologies towards green IoT. Speci cally, an overview about IoT and green IoT is performed rst. Then the hot green information and communications technologies (ICT) (e.g., green radio-frequency identi cation (RFID) [8], green wireless sensor network (WSN) [9], green cloud comput-ing (CC) [10], green machine to machine (M2M) [11], green data center (DC) [12]) enabling green IoT are discussed, followed with the summary of general green ICT principles. With that, towards green IoT, we review the latest develop-ments in sensor-cloud [13], [14] which is a novel paradigm in green IoT, and further envision the future sensor-cloud. Eventually, future research directions and open problems about green IoT are shown. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the rst that discusses the realization of smart world from the view of green IoT. We hope this work could be an enlightening and latest guidance for research concerning green IoT and smart world.
C. RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION
The main contributions of this paper are shown as follows.
Enabling green IoT, this paper discusses the hot green ICT (e.g., green RIFD, green WSN, green CC, green M2M and green DC) and further summarizes the general green ICT principles.
Towards green IoT, this paper reviews the recent developments about sensor-cloud and envisions the future sensor-cloud. In addition, this paper presents the future research directions and open problems regarding green IoT.
D. ORGANIZATION
For the rest part of this paper, Section II brie y describes IoT and green IoT. Section III discusses and summarizes the green ICT enabling green IoT. The latest research about sensor-cloud and future sensor-cloud towards green IoT are shown in Section IV. Section V presents the future research directions and open problems with respect to green IoT. Section VI concludes this paper.
II. OVERVIEW OF IoT AND GREEN IoT
A. IoT
1) DEFINITION
There are various dei cations regarding IoT [2] [7]. We list two examples by ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Standardization Sector) and IERC (IoT European Research Cluster), respectively. De nition of ITU-T: ``In a broad perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. From the perspective of technical standardiza-tion, IoT can be viewed as a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by inter-connecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolving, interoperable information and communica-tion technologies. Through the exploitation of identi cation, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, while maintaining the required privacy.''
ABSTRACT Smart world is envisioned as an era in which objects (e.g., watches, mobile phones, computers, cars, buses, and trains) can automatically and intelligently serve people in a collaborative manner. Paving the way for smart world, Internet of Things (IoT) connects everything in the smart world. Motivated by achieving a sustainable smart world, this paper discusses various technologies and issues regarding green IoT, which further reduces the energy consumption of IoT. Particularly, an overview regarding IoT and green IoT is performed rst. Then, the hot green information and communications technologies (ICTs) (e.g., green radio-frequency identi cation, green wireless sensor network, green cloud computing, green machine to machine, and green data center) enabling green IoT are studied, and general green ICT principles are summarized. Furthermore, the latest developments and future vision about sensor cloud, which is a novel paradigm in green IoT, are reviewed and introduced, respectively. Finally, future research directions and open problems about green IoT are presented. Our work targets to be an enlightening and latest guidance for research with respect to green IoT and smart world.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. SMART WORLD
With the rapid development of science and technology, the world is becoming ``smart''. Living in such a smart world [1], people will be automatically and collaboratively served by the smart devices (e.g., watches, mobile phones, computers), smart transportation (e.g., cars, buses, trains), smart environ-ments (e.g., homes, of ces, factories), etc. For example, using a global positioning system (GPS), a person's location can be continuously uploaded to a server that instantly returns the best route to the person's travel destination, keeping the person from getting stuck in traf c. In addition, the audio sensor inside a person's mobile phone can automatically detect and send any abnormality in a person's voice to a server that compares the abnormality with a series of voiceprints to determine whether the person has some illness. Eventually, all aspects regarding people's cyber, physical, social and mental world will be interconnected and intelligent in smart world. As the next important stage in human history, smart world is receiving numerous attention from academia, industry, government, etc.
B. RESEARCH MOTIVATION
Our world is consisted of various ``things''. As one of the enablers of smart world, internet of things (IoT) [2] [7] targets to connect various objects (e.g., mobile phones, com-puters, cars, appliances) with unique addresses, to enable them interacting with each other and with the world. Further, green IoT targets at a sustainable smart world, by reducing the energy consumption of IoT.
In this paper, aiming at ful lling a sustainable smart world, we position our focus on green IoT and study various technologies towards green IoT. Speci cally, an overview about IoT and green IoT is performed rst. Then the hot green information and communications technologies (ICT) (e.g., green radio-frequency identi cation (RFID) [8], green wireless sensor network (WSN) [9], green cloud comput-ing (CC) [10], green machine to machine (M2M) [11], green data center (DC) [12]) enabling green IoT are discussed, followed with the summary of general green ICT principles. With that, towards green IoT, we review the latest develop-ments in sensor-cloud [13], [14] which is a novel paradigm in green IoT, and further envision the future sensor-cloud. Eventually, future research directions and open problems about green IoT are shown. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the rst that discusses the realization of smart world from the view of green IoT. We hope this work could be an enlightening and latest guidance for research concerning green IoT and smart world.
C. RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION
The main contributions of this paper are shown as follows.
Enabling green IoT, this paper discusses the hot green ICT (e.g., green RIFD, green WSN, green CC, green M2M and green DC) and further summarizes the general green ICT principles.
Towards green IoT, this paper reviews the recent developments about sensor-cloud and envisions the future sensor-cloud. In addition, this paper presents the future research directions and open problems regarding green IoT.
D. ORGANIZATION
For the rest part of this paper, Section II brie y describes IoT and green IoT. Section III discusses and summarizes the green ICT enabling green IoT. The latest research about sensor-cloud and future sensor-cloud towards green IoT are shown in Section IV. Section V presents the future research directions and open problems with respect to green IoT. Section VI concludes this paper.
II. OVERVIEW OF IoT AND GREEN IoT
A. IoT
1) DEFINITION
There are various dei cations regarding IoT [2] [7]. We list two examples by ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Standardization Sector) and IERC (IoT European Research Cluster), respectively. De nition of ITU-T: ``In a broad perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. From the perspective of technical standardiza-tion, IoT can be viewed as a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by inter-connecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolving, interoperable information and communica-tion technologies. Through the exploitation of identi cation, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, while maintaining the required privacy.''