01-10-2016, 12:21 PM
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ABSTRACT
This seminar examines the new technology of Holographic Projections. It
highlights the importance and need of this technology and how it represents the new
wave in the future of technology and communications, the different application of the
technology, the fields of life it will dramatically affect including business, education,
telecommunication and healthcare. The paper also discusses the future of holographic
technology and how it will prevail in the coming years highlighting how it will also
affect and reshape many other fields of life, technologies and businesses.
Holography is a diffraction-based coherent imaging technique in which a
complex three-dimensional object can be reproduced from a flat, two-dimensional
screen with a complex transparency representing amplitude and phase values. It is
commonly agreed that real-time holography is the ne plus ultra art and science of
visualizing fast temporally changing 3-D scenes. The integration of the real-time or
electro-holographic principle into display technology is one of the most promising but
also challenging developments for the future consumer display and TV market. Only
holography allows the reconstruction of natural-looking 3-D scenes, and therefore
provides observers with a completely comfortable viewing experience. But to date
several challenges have prevented the technology from becoming commercialized. But
those obstacles are now starting to be overcome. Recently, we have developed a novel
approach to real-time display holography by combining an overlapping sub-hologram
technique with a tracked viewing-window technology.
INTRODUCTION
Holographic projection is the new wave of technology that will change how
we view things in the new era. It will have tremendous effects on all fields of life
including business, education, science, art and healthcare. To understand how a
holographic projector works we need to know what a hologram is. Holography is the
method we use to record patterns of light. These patterns are reproduced as a threedimensional
image called a hologram. While Hungarian physicist Dennis Gabor
invented the hologram in 1947. Today’s new technology provides some outstanding
advantages to not only everyday consumers but also large business corporations and
governments.
Three-dimensional holographic projection technology is loosely based on
an illusionary technique called Peppers Ghost, and was first used in Victorian theatres
across London in the 1860s. Pepper's Ghost was typically used to create ghostlike
figures on stage. Hidden from the audience's view, an actor dressed in a ghostly costume
would stand facing an angled plate of glass. The audience would be able to see the
glass, but not the actor directly.
3D holographic projection is a rapidly growing technology. With every
business desperately trying to get their product to stand out from the competitors, 3D
hologram advertising and promotion is fast becoming an eye catching success. Thanks
to the latest in HD projection and CGI technology, 3D holographic projection has
transformed itself from its basic Victorian origins into a futuristic audio visual display
used by the likes of Endemol (Big Brother), Coco-Cola and BMW. With almost
limitless holographic possibilities, from life like humans to blockbuster style special
effects, as well as the continual advances in technology, 3D holographic projection has
a bright future ahead
3D HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
Holography is a diffraction-based coherent imaging technique in which a
complex three-dimensional object can be reproduced from a flat, two-dimensional
screen with a complex transparency representing amplitude and phase values. It is
commonly agreed that real-time holography is the ne plus ultra art and science of
visualizing fast temporally changing 3-D scenes. The integration of the real-time or
electro-holographic principle into display technology is one of the most promising but
also challenging developments for the future consumer display and TV market. Only
holography allows the reconstruction of natural-looking 3-D scenes, and therefore
provides observers with a completely comfortable viewing experience.
A holoprojector will use holographic technology to project large-scale,
high-resolution images onto a variety of different surfaces, at different focal distances,
from a relatively small-scale projection device. To understand the technology used in
holographic projection, we must understand the term ‘Hologram’, and the process of
making and projecting holograms. Holography is a technique that allows the light
scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed. The technique to
optically store, retrieve, and process information. The holograms preserve the 3-D
information of a holographed subject, which helps to project 3D images.
2.1 HOLOGRAMS
A hologram is a physical component or device that stores information about
the holographic image. For example a hologram can be a grating recorded on a piece of
film. It is especially useful to be able to record a full image of an object in a short
exposure if the object or space changes in time. Holos means “whole” and graphein
means “writing”. Holography is a technique that is used to display objects or scenes in
three dimensions. These 3D images are called holograms. A photographic record
produced by illuminating the object with coherent light (as from a laser) and, without
using lenses, exposing a film to light reflected from this object and to a direct beam of
coherent light. When interference patterns on the film are illuminated by the coherent
light a three-dimensional image is produced.
2.2 TYPES OF HOLOGRAMS
A hologram is a recording in a two-or three-dimensional medium of the
interference pattern formed when a point source of light (the reference beam) of fixed
wavelength encounters light of the same fixed wavelength arriving from an object (the
object beam). When the hologram is illuminated by the reference beam alone, the
diffraction pattern recreates the wave fronts of light from the original object. Thus, the
viewer sees an image indistinguishable from the original object.
There are many types of holograms, and there are varying ways of
classifying them. For our purpose, we can divide them into three types: reflection
hologram, transmission holograms and computer generated holograms.
A. The reflection hologram
The reflection hologram, in which a truly three-dimensional image is seen
near its surface, is the most common type shown in galleries. The hologram is
illuminated by a “spot” of white incandescent light, held at a specific angle and distance
and located on the viewer’s side of the hologram. Thus, the image consists of light
reflected by the hologram. Recently, these holograms have been made and displayed in
colour—their images optically indistinguishable from the original objects. If a mirror
is the object, the holographic image of the mirror reflects white light
B. Transmission holograms
The typical transmission hologram is viewed with laser light, usually of the
same type used to make the recording. This light is directed from behind the hologram
and the image is transmitted to the observer’s side. The virtual image can be very sharp
and deep. Furthermore, if an undiverged laser beam is directed backward (relative to
the direction of the reference beam) through the hologram, a real image can be projected
onto a screen located at the original position of the object.
C. Computer Generated Holograms
Computer Generated Holography (CGH) is the method of digitally
generating holographic interference patterns. A holographic image can be generated
e.g. by digitally computing a holographic interference pattern and printing it onto a
mask or film for subsequent illumination by suitable coherent light source.
Alternatively, the holographic image can be brought to life by a holographic 3D
display (a display which operates on the basis of interference of coherent light),
bypassing the need of having to fabricate a "hardcopy" of the holographic interference
pattern each time. Consequently, in recent times the term "computer generated
holography" is increasingly being used to denote the whole process chain of
synthetically preparing holographic light wavefronts suitable for observation.
Computer generated holograms have the advantage that the objects which
one wants to show do not have to possess any physical reality at all (completely
synthetic hologram generation). On the other hand, if holographic data of existing
objects is generated optically, but digitally recorded and processed, and brought to
display subsequently, this is termed CGH as well.
ADVANTAGES OF HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
The interest in 3D viewing is not new. The public has embraced this
experience since at least the days of stereoscopes, at the turn of the last century. New
excitement, interest, and enthusiasm then came with the 3D movie craze in the middle
of the last century, followed by the fascinations of holography, and most recently the
advent of virtual reality. Recent developments in computers and computer graphics
have made spatial 3D images more practical and accessible. Modern three-dimensional
(”3D”) display technologies are increasingly popular and practical not only in computer
graphics, but in other diverse environments and technologies as well. A concurrent
continuing need is for such practical autostereoscopic 3D displays that can also
accommodate multiple viewers independently and simultaneously. A particular
advantage would be afforded if the need could be fulfilled to provide such simultaneous
viewing in which each viewer could be presented with a uniquely customized
autostereoscopic 3D image that could be entirely different from that being viewed
simultaneously by any of the other viewers present, all within the same viewing
environment, and all with complete freedom of movement therein. A high resolution
three dimensional recording of an object. Another feature is that these are glasses free
3D display. This 3D technology can accommodate multiple viewers independently and
simultaneously, which is an advantage no other 3D technology can show. The 3D
holographic technology does not need a projection screen. The projections are projected
into midair, so the limitations of screen are not applicable for 3D holographic display
WORKING OF HOLOGRAMS
The time-varying light field of a scene with all its physical properties is to
be recorded and then regenerated. Hence the working of holography is divided into
two phases:
1. Recording
2. Reconstruction
Recording of hologram: Basic tools required to make a hologram includes
a red lasers, lenses, beam splitter, mirrors and holographic film. Holograms are
recorded in darker environment, this is to avoid the noise interference caused by other
light sources.
The recording of hologram is based on the phenomenon of interference. It
requires a laser source, a plane mirror or beam splitter, an object and a photographic
plate. A laser beam from the laser source is incident on a plane mirror or beam splitter.
As the name suggests, the function of the beam splitter is to split the laser beam. One
part of splitted beam, after reflection from the beam splitter, strikes on the photographic
plate. This beam is called reference beam. While other part of splitted beam (transmitted
from beam splitter) strikes on the photographic plate after suffering reflection from the
various points of object. This beam is called object beam.
The object beam reflected from the object interferes with the reference
beam when both the beams reach the photographic plate. The superposition of these
two beams produces an interference pattern (in the form of dark and bright fringes)
and this pattern is recorded on the photographic plate. The photographic plate with
recorded interference pattern is called hologram. Photographic plate is also known as
Gabor zone plate in honour of Denis Gabor who developed the phenomenon of
holography.
Each and every part of the hologram receives light from various points of
the object. Thus, even if hologram is broken into parts, each part is capable of
reconstructing the whole object.
ADVANCES IN HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
Touchable holograms
The importance of haptic interaction techniques gather much more attention
with the progress of the computer graphics, the physical simulation and the visual
display technologies. There have been a lot of interactive systems which aim to enable
the users to handle 3D graphic objects with their hands. If tactile feedback is provided
to the user’s hands in 3D free space, the usability of those systems will be considerably
improved. One strategy to provide tactile feedback in 3D free space is to attach tactile
displays on the user’s hands.
The method is based on a nonlinear phenomenon of ultrasound; acoustic
radiation pressure. When an object interrupts the propagation of ultrasound, a pressure
field is exerted on the surface of the object. This pressure is called acoustic radiation
pressure.
Tactile display with haptic feedback
“Airborne Ultrasound Tactile Display [Iwamoto et al. 2008]” is a tactile
display which provides tactile sensation onto the user’s hand. It utilizes the nonlinear
phenomenon of ultrasound; acoustic radiation pressure. When an object interrupts the
propagation of ultra-sound, a pressure field is exerted on the surface of the object.
User interfacing integrated displays
While camera-based and marker-less hand tracking systems are
demonstrated these days, we use Wiimote (Nintendo) which has an infrared (IR) camera
for simplicity. A retro reflective marker is attached on the tip of user’s middle finger.
IR LEDs illuminate the marker and two Wiimotes sense the 3D position of the finger.
Owing to this hand-tracking system, the users can handle the floating virtual image with
their hands.
360-degree 3D system
The system was made possible by projecting high-speed video on a
spinning mirror. As the spinning mirror changes direction, different perspectives of the
projected image is shown. The University of Southern California project is more realistic compared to other holographic attempt because, nearly 5, 000 individual
images are reflected every second.
APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
Marketing with 3D holographic display
This world’s innovative technology can enable observers to see lifelike
images that float deep inside and project several feet in front of a display screen.
Dimensional Studios, a leader in 3D visual display solutions has recently introduced its
unparalleled digital signage in the UK. This world’s innovative technology can enable
observers to see 3D holographic-like images that float deep inside and project several
feet in front of an LCD or plasma display screen. Its aim is for advertising agencies and
consumer products who wish to catch a huge impact from this new break through
media.
Holography in education
Holography being in its infant stage has not being widely used in education.
However, application of holography in education is not new. Although, the distance of
transition was minimal, long distance projection is possible since the images are
transmitted over the internet. Holography differs from video conferencing because the
teacher appears to be in the classroom. While in video conferencing users can easily
notice a screen and a camera.
Holography in Entertainment Industry
When one thinks about holography in the entertainment industry, the
movies Star Trek and Star Wars come into mind. In these movies, people relate with
holograms as they would relate with real human. Although, what people see in these
movies are not real holograms, they depict what a real hologram looks like and future
capabilities of holography. In the musical industry, holography is being used for
concerts. In this case, the musicians can be far away in New York while performing in
several cities around the world. Today, three dimensional television and cinemas are
becoming common, and there is more to come.
3D movies in home theatres require chunky glasses which may be
uncomfortable for some people to wear. Also experts found that viewing 3D television
over a long period can cause headache and eye strain due to new sensory experience.
Since holography makes beamed image look like real, it should not have any future
strain on the eyes nor generate headache.
Virtual Reality, Augmented reality and Telepresence
With the aid of a light pen, the Sketchpad draws vector lines on a
computer screen. The Sketchpad contributed to the field of Human Computer
Interaction, and also introduced the concept of Graphical User Interface. Virtual reality
employs computer modelling and simulation, which produces images to look similar to
the real world.
Telepresence differs from virtual reality, because telepresence makes it
possible for a person to be virtually present in another physical location. Telepresence
is applicable especially in circumstances where the person involved cannot be
physically present. The absence of a real person makes telepresence an option in case
of foreseen danger to the person’s life in the new environment. Telepresence is similar
to holography, because they both allow objects to be transported to a new destination
in 3D.
Augmented reality gives an adjusted real world, where images or text are
displayed upon real objects. Museums, artists and industries are popular users of
augmented reality and the usage is on the rise. Augmented reality is also becoming part
of our everyday life which includes mobile appliances, shopping malls, training, and
education.
Projection displays
Future colour liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) will be brighter and whiter as
a result of holographic technology. Scientists at Polaroid Corp. have developed a
holographic reflector that will reflect ambient light to produce a whiter background.
Holographic televisions may be possible within a decade but at a high
price. MIT researchers recently made a prototype that does not need glasses, but true
holographic commercial TV will take a year to appear. One day all TVs could be
holographic, but will take 8-10 years. In future, holographic displays will be replacing
all present displays in all sizes, from small phone screen to large projectors
CONCLUSION
Holography may still be in its infant stage, but its potentials applications
are aspiring. Holographic Technology and Spectral Imagining has endless applications,
as far as the human mind can imagine. Holography being the closest display technology
to our real environment may just be the right substitute when reality fails. With
holography, educational institutions may become a global village sooner that people
thought, where information and expertise are within reach. Knowledge sharing and
mobility will only cost a second and learning will become more captivating and
interactive. First, there is an urgent need to address the infrastructural deficiencies
limiting the application of holography in education.
More interestingly, the display medium of holography is very important. A
360 viewing angle is especially what is needed to maximize the use of holography in
education. Being able to display a 3D hologram in free air is also vital, because
interacting with holograms in a covered display may be cumbersome. In order not to
limit the use of holography to a non-interactive display medium, incorporation with
feedback technologies is mandatory. The haptic technology which makes it possible to
touch and manipulate virtual object is especially important. As the field of haptics
continues to grow and integrates with holography, interaction with holograms becomes
limitless. In future, holographic displays will be replacing all present displays in all
sizes, from small phone screen to large projectors
ABSTRACT
This seminar examines the new technology of Holographic Projections. It
highlights the importance and need of this technology and how it represents the new
wave in the future of technology and communications, the different application of the
technology, the fields of life it will dramatically affect including business, education,
telecommunication and healthcare. The paper also discusses the future of holographic
technology and how it will prevail in the coming years highlighting how it will also
affect and reshape many other fields of life, technologies and businesses.
Holography is a diffraction-based coherent imaging technique in which a
complex three-dimensional object can be reproduced from a flat, two-dimensional
screen with a complex transparency representing amplitude and phase values. It is
commonly agreed that real-time holography is the ne plus ultra art and science of
visualizing fast temporally changing 3-D scenes. The integration of the real-time or
electro-holographic principle into display technology is one of the most promising but
also challenging developments for the future consumer display and TV market. Only
holography allows the reconstruction of natural-looking 3-D scenes, and therefore
provides observers with a completely comfortable viewing experience. But to date
several challenges have prevented the technology from becoming commercialized. But
those obstacles are now starting to be overcome. Recently, we have developed a novel
approach to real-time display holography by combining an overlapping sub-hologram
technique with a tracked viewing-window technology.
INTRODUCTION
Holographic projection is the new wave of technology that will change how
we view things in the new era. It will have tremendous effects on all fields of life
including business, education, science, art and healthcare. To understand how a
holographic projector works we need to know what a hologram is. Holography is the
method we use to record patterns of light. These patterns are reproduced as a threedimensional
image called a hologram. While Hungarian physicist Dennis Gabor
invented the hologram in 1947. Today’s new technology provides some outstanding
advantages to not only everyday consumers but also large business corporations and
governments.
Three-dimensional holographic projection technology is loosely based on
an illusionary technique called Peppers Ghost, and was first used in Victorian theatres
across London in the 1860s. Pepper's Ghost was typically used to create ghostlike
figures on stage. Hidden from the audience's view, an actor dressed in a ghostly costume
would stand facing an angled plate of glass. The audience would be able to see the
glass, but not the actor directly.
3D holographic projection is a rapidly growing technology. With every
business desperately trying to get their product to stand out from the competitors, 3D
hologram advertising and promotion is fast becoming an eye catching success. Thanks
to the latest in HD projection and CGI technology, 3D holographic projection has
transformed itself from its basic Victorian origins into a futuristic audio visual display
used by the likes of Endemol (Big Brother), Coco-Cola and BMW. With almost
limitless holographic possibilities, from life like humans to blockbuster style special
effects, as well as the continual advances in technology, 3D holographic projection has
a bright future ahead
3D HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
Holography is a diffraction-based coherent imaging technique in which a
complex three-dimensional object can be reproduced from a flat, two-dimensional
screen with a complex transparency representing amplitude and phase values. It is
commonly agreed that real-time holography is the ne plus ultra art and science of
visualizing fast temporally changing 3-D scenes. The integration of the real-time or
electro-holographic principle into display technology is one of the most promising but
also challenging developments for the future consumer display and TV market. Only
holography allows the reconstruction of natural-looking 3-D scenes, and therefore
provides observers with a completely comfortable viewing experience.
A holoprojector will use holographic technology to project large-scale,
high-resolution images onto a variety of different surfaces, at different focal distances,
from a relatively small-scale projection device. To understand the technology used in
holographic projection, we must understand the term ‘Hologram’, and the process of
making and projecting holograms. Holography is a technique that allows the light
scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed. The technique to
optically store, retrieve, and process information. The holograms preserve the 3-D
information of a holographed subject, which helps to project 3D images.
2.1 HOLOGRAMS
A hologram is a physical component or device that stores information about
the holographic image. For example a hologram can be a grating recorded on a piece of
film. It is especially useful to be able to record a full image of an object in a short
exposure if the object or space changes in time. Holos means “whole” and graphein
means “writing”. Holography is a technique that is used to display objects or scenes in
three dimensions. These 3D images are called holograms. A photographic record
produced by illuminating the object with coherent light (as from a laser) and, without
using lenses, exposing a film to light reflected from this object and to a direct beam of
coherent light. When interference patterns on the film are illuminated by the coherent
light a three-dimensional image is produced.
2.2 TYPES OF HOLOGRAMS
A hologram is a recording in a two-or three-dimensional medium of the
interference pattern formed when a point source of light (the reference beam) of fixed
wavelength encounters light of the same fixed wavelength arriving from an object (the
object beam). When the hologram is illuminated by the reference beam alone, the
diffraction pattern recreates the wave fronts of light from the original object. Thus, the
viewer sees an image indistinguishable from the original object.
There are many types of holograms, and there are varying ways of
classifying them. For our purpose, we can divide them into three types: reflection
hologram, transmission holograms and computer generated holograms.
A. The reflection hologram
The reflection hologram, in which a truly three-dimensional image is seen
near its surface, is the most common type shown in galleries. The hologram is
illuminated by a “spot” of white incandescent light, held at a specific angle and distance
and located on the viewer’s side of the hologram. Thus, the image consists of light
reflected by the hologram. Recently, these holograms have been made and displayed in
colour—their images optically indistinguishable from the original objects. If a mirror
is the object, the holographic image of the mirror reflects white light
B. Transmission holograms
The typical transmission hologram is viewed with laser light, usually of the
same type used to make the recording. This light is directed from behind the hologram
and the image is transmitted to the observer’s side. The virtual image can be very sharp
and deep. Furthermore, if an undiverged laser beam is directed backward (relative to
the direction of the reference beam) through the hologram, a real image can be projected
onto a screen located at the original position of the object.
C. Computer Generated Holograms
Computer Generated Holography (CGH) is the method of digitally
generating holographic interference patterns. A holographic image can be generated
e.g. by digitally computing a holographic interference pattern and printing it onto a
mask or film for subsequent illumination by suitable coherent light source.
Alternatively, the holographic image can be brought to life by a holographic 3D
display (a display which operates on the basis of interference of coherent light),
bypassing the need of having to fabricate a "hardcopy" of the holographic interference
pattern each time. Consequently, in recent times the term "computer generated
holography" is increasingly being used to denote the whole process chain of
synthetically preparing holographic light wavefronts suitable for observation.
Computer generated holograms have the advantage that the objects which
one wants to show do not have to possess any physical reality at all (completely
synthetic hologram generation). On the other hand, if holographic data of existing
objects is generated optically, but digitally recorded and processed, and brought to
display subsequently, this is termed CGH as well.
ADVANTAGES OF HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
The interest in 3D viewing is not new. The public has embraced this
experience since at least the days of stereoscopes, at the turn of the last century. New
excitement, interest, and enthusiasm then came with the 3D movie craze in the middle
of the last century, followed by the fascinations of holography, and most recently the
advent of virtual reality. Recent developments in computers and computer graphics
have made spatial 3D images more practical and accessible. Modern three-dimensional
(”3D”) display technologies are increasingly popular and practical not only in computer
graphics, but in other diverse environments and technologies as well. A concurrent
continuing need is for such practical autostereoscopic 3D displays that can also
accommodate multiple viewers independently and simultaneously. A particular
advantage would be afforded if the need could be fulfilled to provide such simultaneous
viewing in which each viewer could be presented with a uniquely customized
autostereoscopic 3D image that could be entirely different from that being viewed
simultaneously by any of the other viewers present, all within the same viewing
environment, and all with complete freedom of movement therein. A high resolution
three dimensional recording of an object. Another feature is that these are glasses free
3D display. This 3D technology can accommodate multiple viewers independently and
simultaneously, which is an advantage no other 3D technology can show. The 3D
holographic technology does not need a projection screen. The projections are projected
into midair, so the limitations of screen are not applicable for 3D holographic display
WORKING OF HOLOGRAMS
The time-varying light field of a scene with all its physical properties is to
be recorded and then regenerated. Hence the working of holography is divided into
two phases:
1. Recording
2. Reconstruction
Recording of hologram: Basic tools required to make a hologram includes
a red lasers, lenses, beam splitter, mirrors and holographic film. Holograms are
recorded in darker environment, this is to avoid the noise interference caused by other
light sources.
The recording of hologram is based on the phenomenon of interference. It
requires a laser source, a plane mirror or beam splitter, an object and a photographic
plate. A laser beam from the laser source is incident on a plane mirror or beam splitter.
As the name suggests, the function of the beam splitter is to split the laser beam. One
part of splitted beam, after reflection from the beam splitter, strikes on the photographic
plate. This beam is called reference beam. While other part of splitted beam (transmitted
from beam splitter) strikes on the photographic plate after suffering reflection from the
various points of object. This beam is called object beam.
The object beam reflected from the object interferes with the reference
beam when both the beams reach the photographic plate. The superposition of these
two beams produces an interference pattern (in the form of dark and bright fringes)
and this pattern is recorded on the photographic plate. The photographic plate with
recorded interference pattern is called hologram. Photographic plate is also known as
Gabor zone plate in honour of Denis Gabor who developed the phenomenon of
holography.
Each and every part of the hologram receives light from various points of
the object. Thus, even if hologram is broken into parts, each part is capable of
reconstructing the whole object.
ADVANCES IN HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
Touchable holograms
The importance of haptic interaction techniques gather much more attention
with the progress of the computer graphics, the physical simulation and the visual
display technologies. There have been a lot of interactive systems which aim to enable
the users to handle 3D graphic objects with their hands. If tactile feedback is provided
to the user’s hands in 3D free space, the usability of those systems will be considerably
improved. One strategy to provide tactile feedback in 3D free space is to attach tactile
displays on the user’s hands.
The method is based on a nonlinear phenomenon of ultrasound; acoustic
radiation pressure. When an object interrupts the propagation of ultrasound, a pressure
field is exerted on the surface of the object. This pressure is called acoustic radiation
pressure.
Tactile display with haptic feedback
“Airborne Ultrasound Tactile Display [Iwamoto et al. 2008]” is a tactile
display which provides tactile sensation onto the user’s hand. It utilizes the nonlinear
phenomenon of ultrasound; acoustic radiation pressure. When an object interrupts the
propagation of ultra-sound, a pressure field is exerted on the surface of the object.
User interfacing integrated displays
While camera-based and marker-less hand tracking systems are
demonstrated these days, we use Wiimote (Nintendo) which has an infrared (IR) camera
for simplicity. A retro reflective marker is attached on the tip of user’s middle finger.
IR LEDs illuminate the marker and two Wiimotes sense the 3D position of the finger.
Owing to this hand-tracking system, the users can handle the floating virtual image with
their hands.
360-degree 3D system
The system was made possible by projecting high-speed video on a
spinning mirror. As the spinning mirror changes direction, different perspectives of the
projected image is shown. The University of Southern California project is more realistic compared to other holographic attempt because, nearly 5, 000 individual
images are reflected every second.
APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
Marketing with 3D holographic display
This world’s innovative technology can enable observers to see lifelike
images that float deep inside and project several feet in front of a display screen.
Dimensional Studios, a leader in 3D visual display solutions has recently introduced its
unparalleled digital signage in the UK. This world’s innovative technology can enable
observers to see 3D holographic-like images that float deep inside and project several
feet in front of an LCD or plasma display screen. Its aim is for advertising agencies and
consumer products who wish to catch a huge impact from this new break through
media.
Holography in education
Holography being in its infant stage has not being widely used in education.
However, application of holography in education is not new. Although, the distance of
transition was minimal, long distance projection is possible since the images are
transmitted over the internet. Holography differs from video conferencing because the
teacher appears to be in the classroom. While in video conferencing users can easily
notice a screen and a camera.
Holography in Entertainment Industry
When one thinks about holography in the entertainment industry, the
movies Star Trek and Star Wars come into mind. In these movies, people relate with
holograms as they would relate with real human. Although, what people see in these
movies are not real holograms, they depict what a real hologram looks like and future
capabilities of holography. In the musical industry, holography is being used for
concerts. In this case, the musicians can be far away in New York while performing in
several cities around the world. Today, three dimensional television and cinemas are
becoming common, and there is more to come.
3D movies in home theatres require chunky glasses which may be
uncomfortable for some people to wear. Also experts found that viewing 3D television
over a long period can cause headache and eye strain due to new sensory experience.
Since holography makes beamed image look like real, it should not have any future
strain on the eyes nor generate headache.
Virtual Reality, Augmented reality and Telepresence
With the aid of a light pen, the Sketchpad draws vector lines on a
computer screen. The Sketchpad contributed to the field of Human Computer
Interaction, and also introduced the concept of Graphical User Interface. Virtual reality
employs computer modelling and simulation, which produces images to look similar to
the real world.
Telepresence differs from virtual reality, because telepresence makes it
possible for a person to be virtually present in another physical location. Telepresence
is applicable especially in circumstances where the person involved cannot be
physically present. The absence of a real person makes telepresence an option in case
of foreseen danger to the person’s life in the new environment. Telepresence is similar
to holography, because they both allow objects to be transported to a new destination
in 3D.
Augmented reality gives an adjusted real world, where images or text are
displayed upon real objects. Museums, artists and industries are popular users of
augmented reality and the usage is on the rise. Augmented reality is also becoming part
of our everyday life which includes mobile appliances, shopping malls, training, and
education.
Projection displays
Future colour liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) will be brighter and whiter as
a result of holographic technology. Scientists at Polaroid Corp. have developed a
holographic reflector that will reflect ambient light to produce a whiter background.
Holographic televisions may be possible within a decade but at a high
price. MIT researchers recently made a prototype that does not need glasses, but true
holographic commercial TV will take a year to appear. One day all TVs could be
holographic, but will take 8-10 years. In future, holographic displays will be replacing
all present displays in all sizes, from small phone screen to large projectors
CONCLUSION
Holography may still be in its infant stage, but its potentials applications
are aspiring. Holographic Technology and Spectral Imagining has endless applications,
as far as the human mind can imagine. Holography being the closest display technology
to our real environment may just be the right substitute when reality fails. With
holography, educational institutions may become a global village sooner that people
thought, where information and expertise are within reach. Knowledge sharing and
mobility will only cost a second and learning will become more captivating and
interactive. First, there is an urgent need to address the infrastructural deficiencies
limiting the application of holography in education.
More interestingly, the display medium of holography is very important. A
360 viewing angle is especially what is needed to maximize the use of holography in
education. Being able to display a 3D hologram in free air is also vital, because
interacting with holograms in a covered display may be cumbersome. In order not to
limit the use of holography to a non-interactive display medium, incorporation with
feedback technologies is mandatory. The haptic technology which makes it possible to
touch and manipulate virtual object is especially important. As the field of haptics
continues to grow and integrates with holography, interaction with holograms becomes
limitless. In future, holographic displays will be replacing all present displays in all
sizes, from small phone screen to large projectors