08-10-2016, 09:30 AM
[attachment=72694]
Authors:
1. RankhambAkshaykumarAnkush
2. RohitBalajiSalunke
3. Savant ShrinathMahadev
Assumptions:
1.water requirement 4ltr/day each person
2. Pipeline network is horizontal (i.e, Za=Zb).
3. Cross sectional area is same throughout the pipe network, thus Va=Vb
4.Suction Pressure(Pa)=Discharge Pressure (Pb)
5.Density of water:-1000Kg/m3
6.Friction Factor For pump is Negligible
7.Pump Efficiency:-80%
8.Diameter of Pipe:-140 mm
.
Calculation of pressure drop
Volumetric flow rate (Q) =
water requirement 4ltr/day each person
So 5 Lakhs People Requires 2000000 ltr water /Day
=83333.33ltr/h
=1388.88ltr/min
=(1388.88 X 10-3) /(60)
=0.0231 m3/s
Area of pipe (A) :-
= (π/4) X (0.140)2
=0.0154 m2
Velocity (u) :-
=(Q/A) =0.0231/0.0154 (m/s)
=1.5 m/s
Reynold’s no (Re) = (dρu)/(μ).
=(0.140 X 1000 X 1.5)/ (8.9 x 10-4)
=235955.05(the flow is turbulent)
Relative roughness for mild steel = k / d
= (4.58 x 10-5)/0.140
=3.271 X 10-4
From Moody Friction factor plot for circular pipes the value of Fanning Friction factor (f) is 0.0048.
Loss coefficients for mild steel,
Kf for 90o Elbow = 0.75.
Kf for Gate valve = 0.17.
Pressure drop due to pipe friction = (4fLρu2/2d)
= 771.42kN/m2
Pressure drop due to pipe fittings(35 Elbows and 25 Gate valves) =
( 35 x Kf-elbow+25 x Kf-gate) (ρu2/2)
=30.5 KN/m2
Total pressure drop (ΔP) =
= 771.42 +30.5 = 801.92kN/m2
Calculation of capacity of pump
Efficiency of pump (η) =70%
ηWp =ΔP/ρ
Wp = (31.27)/0.7 x 1000
=1.1456kJ/kg
Mass flow rate (ṁ) = ρ x Q = 23.1kg/s.
Power (p) = ṁ x Wp = 23.1 X1.1456=26.46kW =35.48hP.
Details of treatment plant
Following water treatment steps are used:
1.Screening : Removes suspended particles and floating materials like leaves.
2.Soda-Lime process : for removal of fluoride from river water:
Water flow rate =0.0231 X 3600=83.16m3/h
Fluoride in water=2(mg/l)=0.105(meq/L)
Lime Requirement
0.105 X 19 X83.16
=165.90 g/Day
=0.16590 Kg/day
Purity of lime available in market = 90%
Total lime required =0.16590/0.90=0.184 (kg/day)
=0.184 X 365 =67.28 (kg/year)=0.0672 metric ton/year
Cost of lime in market = $ 90 per metric ton
=0.672 X 90 X68
=₹411.26 per year
Calcium PhosphateCa3( PO4)2
Water flow rate =0.0231 X 3600=83.16 m3/h
Fluoride in water=2(mg/l)=0.105(meq/L)
Calcium PhosphateRequirement
0.105 X 103.40 X83.16
=902.89g/Day
=0.902 Kg/day
Purity of calcium phosphate available in market = 85%
Total calcium phosphaterequired =0.16590/0.85=1.06 (kg/day)
=1.06 X 365 =387.71 (kg/year)=0.387 metric ton/year
Cost of calcium phosphatee in market = $ 150 per metric ton
=0.387 X150 X 68
=₹3954.68per year
Coagulation by Alum : Removes fine sized clay
particles.
Alum required = 200 (kg/day) =73000 (kg/ year) =
73 metric tons/ year
Cost of alum in market = $ 245 per metric ton
= 245 x 68 x 73 = ₹ 1216180 per year.
Filtration : Removes micro-organisms and
colloidal particles.
5. Sterilization by Chlorine : Removes pathogenic
bacteria. It reacts with water to produce
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and Nascent Oxygen
(O) both of which are powerful germicides.
Chlorine required for moderately clean water =
30 (mg/L). = 0.03 x 10-3 (kg/L)
= 0.03 x 10-3 x 2000000 = 60 kg.
Cost of Cl (pure) in market = ₹95/kg.
= 95 x 60 x 365 = ₹ 2080500 per year
Cost of Piping Per Meter=₹8000
Total cost of pipe=₹40,000,000
Cost of one 90o elbow = ₹ 5,000.
Cost of 35 90o elbow = ₹1,75,000.
Cost of one gate valve = ₹ 7000.
Cost of 25 gate valves = ₹175000.
Cost of Eight pumps ( centrifugal pumps )
= 8 x ₹55,000 = ₹ 4400,000.
Cost of installing 6storage tanks and 4 reaction tanks = ₹80-90 lakhs (approx).
Cost of water treatment process per year =
₹ (₹411.26 + ₹3954.68 + ₹ 1216180 + ₹ 2080500)
= ₹3001045.94 per year.
Cost of electricity for 8 pump per year =
₹ (26.46 x 1 x 365 x 9) = ₹ 695368.8 per year.
Labour charges for installation = ₹ 9,00,000 (approx).
Maintenance charges = ₹ 8,00,000 (approx).
Total cost designing cost of plant = ₹ 5,36,500,000 (including Fixed Cost investment ).
Total cost per year During working Of plant = ₹ 47,96,414.64(excluding Fixed
CALCULATION FOR FLOW RATE:-
Per Person 4ltr. Water is required.
So 5 Lakhs People Requires 2000000 ltr water /Day=83333.33ltr/h=1388.88ltr/min
Area Of Pipe:-
2π r2=2 X3.14 X (0.005)2
=1.57X10-4m2
Volumetric Flow Rate (V0) :- 83333.33ltr/h
V0 =U. Ƿ.A
1388.88 =U X 1000 X 1.57X10-4
U=8846.36 m/s
Area Of Pipe:-
π/4 r2=3.14/4 X (0.005)2
=1.9625X10-5
By Using Bernoullis Equation,
Pa/ Ƿ +gza+αaVa2 /2+դWp= Pb/ Ƿ +gzb+αb Vb2 /2+hf
As Pa=Pb, za=zbhf=0, αa= αb=1, դ=0.100 Initial Velocity Va=0
դWp= αb Vb2 /2
Wp=(1 X 8846.36/2)/0.100
Wp=42231.8 J/Kg
m.=Q.A
= 1388.88 X 1.57X10-4
=0.218Kg/h=6.0556 X 10-5Kg/min
POWER OF PUMP
P= Wpx m.
=42231.8 X 6.0556 X 10-5
=2.55 hp
=3672hp/day
Authors:
1. RankhambAkshaykumarAnkush
2. RohitBalajiSalunke
3. Savant ShrinathMahadev
Assumptions:
1.water requirement 4ltr/day each person
2. Pipeline network is horizontal (i.e, Za=Zb).
3. Cross sectional area is same throughout the pipe network, thus Va=Vb
4.Suction Pressure(Pa)=Discharge Pressure (Pb)
5.Density of water:-1000Kg/m3
6.Friction Factor For pump is Negligible
7.Pump Efficiency:-80%
8.Diameter of Pipe:-140 mm
.
Calculation of pressure drop
Volumetric flow rate (Q) =
water requirement 4ltr/day each person
So 5 Lakhs People Requires 2000000 ltr water /Day
=83333.33ltr/h
=1388.88ltr/min
=(1388.88 X 10-3) /(60)
=0.0231 m3/s
Area of pipe (A) :-
= (π/4) X (0.140)2
=0.0154 m2
Velocity (u) :-
=(Q/A) =0.0231/0.0154 (m/s)
=1.5 m/s
Reynold’s no (Re) = (dρu)/(μ).
=(0.140 X 1000 X 1.5)/ (8.9 x 10-4)
=235955.05(the flow is turbulent)
Relative roughness for mild steel = k / d
= (4.58 x 10-5)/0.140
=3.271 X 10-4
From Moody Friction factor plot for circular pipes the value of Fanning Friction factor (f) is 0.0048.
Loss coefficients for mild steel,
Kf for 90o Elbow = 0.75.
Kf for Gate valve = 0.17.
Pressure drop due to pipe friction = (4fLρu2/2d)
= 771.42kN/m2
Pressure drop due to pipe fittings(35 Elbows and 25 Gate valves) =
( 35 x Kf-elbow+25 x Kf-gate) (ρu2/2)
=30.5 KN/m2
Total pressure drop (ΔP) =
= 771.42 +30.5 = 801.92kN/m2
Calculation of capacity of pump
Efficiency of pump (η) =70%
ηWp =ΔP/ρ
Wp = (31.27)/0.7 x 1000
=1.1456kJ/kg
Mass flow rate (ṁ) = ρ x Q = 23.1kg/s.
Power (p) = ṁ x Wp = 23.1 X1.1456=26.46kW =35.48hP.
Details of treatment plant
Following water treatment steps are used:
1.Screening : Removes suspended particles and floating materials like leaves.
2.Soda-Lime process : for removal of fluoride from river water:
Water flow rate =0.0231 X 3600=83.16m3/h
Fluoride in water=2(mg/l)=0.105(meq/L)
Lime Requirement
0.105 X 19 X83.16
=165.90 g/Day
=0.16590 Kg/day
Purity of lime available in market = 90%
Total lime required =0.16590/0.90=0.184 (kg/day)
=0.184 X 365 =67.28 (kg/year)=0.0672 metric ton/year
Cost of lime in market = $ 90 per metric ton
=0.672 X 90 X68
=₹411.26 per year
Calcium PhosphateCa3( PO4)2
Water flow rate =0.0231 X 3600=83.16 m3/h
Fluoride in water=2(mg/l)=0.105(meq/L)
Calcium PhosphateRequirement
0.105 X 103.40 X83.16
=902.89g/Day
=0.902 Kg/day
Purity of calcium phosphate available in market = 85%
Total calcium phosphaterequired =0.16590/0.85=1.06 (kg/day)
=1.06 X 365 =387.71 (kg/year)=0.387 metric ton/year
Cost of calcium phosphatee in market = $ 150 per metric ton
=0.387 X150 X 68
=₹3954.68per year
Coagulation by Alum : Removes fine sized clay
particles.
Alum required = 200 (kg/day) =73000 (kg/ year) =
73 metric tons/ year
Cost of alum in market = $ 245 per metric ton
= 245 x 68 x 73 = ₹ 1216180 per year.
Filtration : Removes micro-organisms and
colloidal particles.
5. Sterilization by Chlorine : Removes pathogenic
bacteria. It reacts with water to produce
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and Nascent Oxygen
(O) both of which are powerful germicides.
Chlorine required for moderately clean water =
30 (mg/L). = 0.03 x 10-3 (kg/L)
= 0.03 x 10-3 x 2000000 = 60 kg.
Cost of Cl (pure) in market = ₹95/kg.
= 95 x 60 x 365 = ₹ 2080500 per year
Cost of Piping Per Meter=₹8000
Total cost of pipe=₹40,000,000
Cost of one 90o elbow = ₹ 5,000.
Cost of 35 90o elbow = ₹1,75,000.
Cost of one gate valve = ₹ 7000.
Cost of 25 gate valves = ₹175000.
Cost of Eight pumps ( centrifugal pumps )
= 8 x ₹55,000 = ₹ 4400,000.
Cost of installing 6storage tanks and 4 reaction tanks = ₹80-90 lakhs (approx).
Cost of water treatment process per year =
₹ (₹411.26 + ₹3954.68 + ₹ 1216180 + ₹ 2080500)
= ₹3001045.94 per year.
Cost of electricity for 8 pump per year =
₹ (26.46 x 1 x 365 x 9) = ₹ 695368.8 per year.
Labour charges for installation = ₹ 9,00,000 (approx).
Maintenance charges = ₹ 8,00,000 (approx).
Total cost designing cost of plant = ₹ 5,36,500,000 (including Fixed Cost investment ).
Total cost per year During working Of plant = ₹ 47,96,414.64(excluding Fixed
CALCULATION FOR FLOW RATE:-
Per Person 4ltr. Water is required.
So 5 Lakhs People Requires 2000000 ltr water /Day=83333.33ltr/h=1388.88ltr/min
Area Of Pipe:-
2π r2=2 X3.14 X (0.005)2
=1.57X10-4m2
Volumetric Flow Rate (V0) :- 83333.33ltr/h
V0 =U. Ƿ.A
1388.88 =U X 1000 X 1.57X10-4
U=8846.36 m/s
Area Of Pipe:-
π/4 r2=3.14/4 X (0.005)2
=1.9625X10-5
By Using Bernoullis Equation,
Pa/ Ƿ +gza+αaVa2 /2+դWp= Pb/ Ƿ +gzb+αb Vb2 /2+hf
As Pa=Pb, za=zbhf=0, αa= αb=1, դ=0.100 Initial Velocity Va=0
դWp= αb Vb2 /2
Wp=(1 X 8846.36/2)/0.100
Wp=42231.8 J/Kg
m.=Q.A
= 1388.88 X 1.57X10-4
=0.218Kg/h=6.0556 X 10-5Kg/min
POWER OF PUMP
P= Wpx m.
=42231.8 X 6.0556 X 10-5
=2.55 hp
=3672hp/day