08-10-2016, 12:49 PM
A Review on applications and challenges of Nano-fluids as coolant in Automobile Radiator
[attachment=72749]
Abstract -Nanofluids are potential heat transfer fluids with
enhanced thermo physical properties and heat transfer
performance can be applied in many devices for better
performances (i.e. energy, heat transfer and other performances).
Evaluating the heat transfer enhancement due to the use of
nanofluids has recently become the center of interest for many
researchers. This newly introduced category of cooling fluids
containing ultrafine nanoparticles (1–100 nm) has displayed
fascinating behavior during experiments including increased
thermal conductivity and augmented heat transfer coefficient
compared to a pure fluid. In this paper, a comprehensive
literature on the applications and challenges of nanofluids have
been compiled and reviewed in Automobile sector.
Latest up to date literatures on the applications and challenges
in terms of PhD and Master thesis, journal articles, conference
proceedings, reports and web materials have been reviewed and
reported. Recent researches have indicated that substitution of
conventional coolants by nanofluids appears promising in
Automobile radiator. Nanofluids have great potential to improve
automotive and heavy –duty engine cooling rates by increasing
the efficiency, lowering the weight and reducing the complexity
of thermal management. Alternatively, it is beneficial to design
more compact cooling system with smaller and lighter
automobile radiators.
INTRODUCTION
The automotive industry is continuously involved in a strong
competitive career to obtain the best automobile design in
multiple aspects (performance, fuel consumption, aesthetics,
safety, etc.). The air-cooled heat exchangers found in a vehicle
(radiator, AC condenser and evaporator, charge air cooler, etc.)
have an important role in its weight and also in the design of its
front-end module, which also has a strong impact on the car
aerodynamic behavior. Looking at these challenges, an
optimization process is mandatory to obtain the best design
compromise between performance, size/shape and weight. This
optimization objective demands advanced design tools that can
indicate not only the better solution but also the fundamental
reason of a performance improvement.
In looking for ways to improve the aerodynamic designs
of vehicles, and subsequently the fuel economy, manufacturers
must reduce the amount of energy needed to overcome wind
resistance on the road. At high speeds, approximately 65% of the
total energy output from a truck is expended in overcoming the
aerodynamic drag. This fact is partly due to the large radiator in
front of the engine positioned to maximize the cooling effect of
oncoming air.
The use of nanofluids as coolants would allow for smaller
size and better positioning of the radiators. Owing to the fact that
there would be less fluid due to the higher efficiency, coolant
pumps could be shrunk and truck engines could be operated at
higher temperatures allowing for more horsepower while still
meeting stringent emission standards.
These novel and advanced concepts of coolants offer
intriguing heat transfer characteristics compared to conventional
coolants. There are considerable researches on the superior heat
transfer properties of nanofluids especially on thermal
conductivity and convective heat transfer. Eastman et al [40], Liu
et al.[41], Hwang et al.[42], Yu et al[43]. and Mintsa et al.[44] ,
observed great enhancement of nanofluids’ thermal conductivity
compared to conventional coolants. Enhancement of convective
heat transfer was reported by Zeinali Heris et al.[45] , Kim et al.,
Jung et al.[46] and Sharma et al.[47] . Applications of nanofluids
in industries such as heat exchanging devices appear promising
with these characteristics. However, the development and
applications of nanofluidsm may be hindered by several factors
such as long term stability, increase pumping power and pressure
drop, nanofluids’ thermal performance in turbulent flow and
fully developed region, lower specific heat of nanofluids and
higher production cost of nanofluids.
This paper review application of nanofluids as coolant in
Automobile radiator as a coolant and challenges related to the it.
The Below figure 1 shows the the different types of Nanoparticles
with Length scale and some examples related to it
OVERVIEW APPLICATION OF NANOFLUID
The advent of high heat flow processes has created significant
demand for new technologies to enhance heat transfer. For
example, microprocessors have continually become smaller and
more powerful, and as a result heat flow demands have steadily
increased over time leading to new challenges in thermal
management. Furthermore, there is increasing interest in mproving the efficiency of existing heat transfer processes. An
example is in automotive systems where improved heat transfer
could lead to smaller heat exchangers for cooling resulting in
reduced weight of the vehicle. Many methods are available to
improve heat transfer in processes. The flow of heat in a process
can be calculated based on
[attachment=72749]
Abstract -Nanofluids are potential heat transfer fluids with
enhanced thermo physical properties and heat transfer
performance can be applied in many devices for better
performances (i.e. energy, heat transfer and other performances).
Evaluating the heat transfer enhancement due to the use of
nanofluids has recently become the center of interest for many
researchers. This newly introduced category of cooling fluids
containing ultrafine nanoparticles (1–100 nm) has displayed
fascinating behavior during experiments including increased
thermal conductivity and augmented heat transfer coefficient
compared to a pure fluid. In this paper, a comprehensive
literature on the applications and challenges of nanofluids have
been compiled and reviewed in Automobile sector.
Latest up to date literatures on the applications and challenges
in terms of PhD and Master thesis, journal articles, conference
proceedings, reports and web materials have been reviewed and
reported. Recent researches have indicated that substitution of
conventional coolants by nanofluids appears promising in
Automobile radiator. Nanofluids have great potential to improve
automotive and heavy –duty engine cooling rates by increasing
the efficiency, lowering the weight and reducing the complexity
of thermal management. Alternatively, it is beneficial to design
more compact cooling system with smaller and lighter
automobile radiators.
INTRODUCTION
The automotive industry is continuously involved in a strong
competitive career to obtain the best automobile design in
multiple aspects (performance, fuel consumption, aesthetics,
safety, etc.). The air-cooled heat exchangers found in a vehicle
(radiator, AC condenser and evaporator, charge air cooler, etc.)
have an important role in its weight and also in the design of its
front-end module, which also has a strong impact on the car
aerodynamic behavior. Looking at these challenges, an
optimization process is mandatory to obtain the best design
compromise between performance, size/shape and weight. This
optimization objective demands advanced design tools that can
indicate not only the better solution but also the fundamental
reason of a performance improvement.
In looking for ways to improve the aerodynamic designs
of vehicles, and subsequently the fuel economy, manufacturers
must reduce the amount of energy needed to overcome wind
resistance on the road. At high speeds, approximately 65% of the
total energy output from a truck is expended in overcoming the
aerodynamic drag. This fact is partly due to the large radiator in
front of the engine positioned to maximize the cooling effect of
oncoming air.
The use of nanofluids as coolants would allow for smaller
size and better positioning of the radiators. Owing to the fact that
there would be less fluid due to the higher efficiency, coolant
pumps could be shrunk and truck engines could be operated at
higher temperatures allowing for more horsepower while still
meeting stringent emission standards.
These novel and advanced concepts of coolants offer
intriguing heat transfer characteristics compared to conventional
coolants. There are considerable researches on the superior heat
transfer properties of nanofluids especially on thermal
conductivity and convective heat transfer. Eastman et al [40], Liu
et al.[41], Hwang et al.[42], Yu et al[43]. and Mintsa et al.[44] ,
observed great enhancement of nanofluids’ thermal conductivity
compared to conventional coolants. Enhancement of convective
heat transfer was reported by Zeinali Heris et al.[45] , Kim et al.,
Jung et al.[46] and Sharma et al.[47] . Applications of nanofluids
in industries such as heat exchanging devices appear promising
with these characteristics. However, the development and
applications of nanofluidsm may be hindered by several factors
such as long term stability, increase pumping power and pressure
drop, nanofluids’ thermal performance in turbulent flow and
fully developed region, lower specific heat of nanofluids and
higher production cost of nanofluids.
This paper review application of nanofluids as coolant in
Automobile radiator as a coolant and challenges related to the it.
The Below figure 1 shows the the different types of Nanoparticles
with Length scale and some examples related to it
OVERVIEW APPLICATION OF NANOFLUID
The advent of high heat flow processes has created significant
demand for new technologies to enhance heat transfer. For
example, microprocessors have continually become smaller and
more powerful, and as a result heat flow demands have steadily
increased over time leading to new challenges in thermal
management. Furthermore, there is increasing interest in mproving the efficiency of existing heat transfer processes. An
example is in automotive systems where improved heat transfer
could lead to smaller heat exchangers for cooling resulting in
reduced weight of the vehicle. Many methods are available to
improve heat transfer in processes. The flow of heat in a process
can be calculated based on