sir i am k.venkatesh doing a project on analysis of leaf springs, i want the properties of steel materials and the complete details of the project. i am doing REPLACING THE UP-TURN EYE OF A LEAF SPRING WITH BERLIN EYE. please give details about the properties of steel materials too.
viva questions and answers for.leaf spring
A leaf spring is a simple form of spring commonly used for suspension in wheeled vehicles. Originally called a laminated spring or carriage, and sometimes referred to as a semi-elliptical spring or carriage spring, it is one of the oldest forms of spring, dating back to medieval times.
A leaf spring takes the form of a thin arcuate length of spring steel of rectangular cross-section. In the most common configuration, the centre of the arch provides the location for the shaft, while attachment holes are provided at each end to secure to the vehicle body. For very heavy vehicles, a leaf spring can be made from several sheets stacked on top of each other in several layers, often with progressively shorter leaves. Leaf springs can serve to locate and to a certain extent cushion as well as dock functions. While the friction between sheets provides a damping action, it is not well controlled and results in a stretch in the movement of the suspension. For this reason some manufacturers have used mono leaf springs.
A leaf spring can be fixed directly to the frame at both ends or fixed directly at one end, generally the front, with the other end attached through a shackle, a short swing arm. The shackle takes the tendency of the reed spring to elongate when compressed and therefore makes the elasticity softer. Some springs ended at a concave end, called an end of the spoon (rarely used now), to carry a rotating member.