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ELECTRONIC EYE
Electronic eye has much use in this electronic age. Also Known as magic eye. It can be used as an automatic guest indicator at the door, If fitted on the bottom of the door entrance. Once it is installed at the door there is no need to install a call bell. It can also be used at homes or in banks as a burglar alarm.
Fix the LDR to the wooden door or a locker to be protected in such a manner that when anybody tries to open it, a shadow falls on the LDR and the circuit gets activated and produce a pleasant sound through the buzzer.
This electronic eye circuit uses NOT gate from CMOS I.C CD 4049. CD 4049 contains 6 independent NOT gate in one package; we have used here (a) one only. NOT gate o

ELECTRONIC EYE
THEORY AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Electronic eye has much use in this electronic age. Also Known as magic eye. It can be used as an automatic guest indicator at the door, If fitted on the bottom of the door entrance. Once it is installed at the door there is no need to install a call bell. It can also be used at homes or in banks as a burglar alarm.
Fix the LDR to the wooden door or a locker to be protected in such a manner that when anybody tries to open it, a shadow falls on the LDR and the circuit gets activated and produce a pleasant sound through the buzzer.
This electronic eye circuit uses NOT gate from CMOS I.C CD 4049. CD 4049 contains 6 independent NOT gate in one package; we have used here (a) one only. NOT gate output goes high(1) when the input pin 3 is at lower then 1/3rd level of the supply voltage. Conversely the output goes low (0) when it is above 1/3rd level. So small change in the voltage of pin-2 is enough to change the level of output (pin-3) from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. The output has only two states high and low and can not remain in any intermediate stage. It is powered by a 9V battery for portable use. The circuit is economic in power consumption. Pin 1 is connected to the positive supply and pin 8 is grounded.
To detect the present of an object we have used LDR and a source of light. LDR is a special type of resistance whose value depends on the brightness of the light which is falling on it. It has resistance of about 1 mega ohm when in total darkness, but a resistance of only about 5k ohms when brightness illuminated. It responds to a large part of light spectrum.
We have made a potential divider circuit with LDR and 220 KΩ resistance connected in series. We know that voltage is directly proportional to conductance so more voltage we will get from this divider when LDR is getting light and low voltage in darkness. This divided voltage is given to input of NOT gate.
As soon as LDR gets dark the voltage of input not gate drops 1/3rd of the supply voltage and pin 2 gets high and LED or buzzer which is connected to the output gets activated.
Advantage of using Logic gate is that data can be easily send to other digital interface device ie one can easily fed data to computer using parallel port or for further processing

plz send ppt of this

presented by:
Sundeep Reddy S

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WHAT IS ELECTRONIC EYE
• Electronic Eye is a wonderful boon that restores eyesight for millions of people whose layer of cells on their retina no longer works.
• Electronic Eye is an artificial retina designed to bypass various defects along the brain’s image processing pathway and provide some form of artificial sight.
It functions based on the concepts of artificial silicon retina(retinal implants) and cortical implants
CONCEPTS OF ARTIFICIAL SILICON RETINA (ASR)
• Small enough to be implanted in the eye.
• Supplied with a continuous source of power.
• Biocompatible with the surrounding eye tissue.
Real-World Applications
• Doctors performing surgery could use optical camouflage to see through their hands and instruments to the underlying tissue.
• Providing a view of the outside in windowless rooms is one of the more fanciful applications of the technology, but one that might improve the psychological well-being of people in such environments.
• Pilots landing a plane could use this technology to make cockpit floors transparent. This would enable them to see the runway and the landing gear simply by glancing down.
• Drivers backing up cars could benefit one day from optical camouflage. A quick glance backward through a transparent rear hatch or tailgate would make it easy to know when to stop.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGE
• Optical Camouflage can be used on surgical globes or equipments so they don’t block surgeon’s view during delicate operations.
• In aviation, cockpit floors could become 'invisible' to assist pilots during landing.
DISADVANTAGE
• The weak point of this technique is that the observer needs to look through a half-mirror. The current system needs a half-mirror and projectors, which were fixed on the ground.
CONCLUSION
• Now all of us have had a small tour of the interesting world of Electronic Eye.
• But the future promises us a lot more.
• Research work is going on and soon we will have even more astonishing results.
• Researchers throughout the world have looked for ways to improve people's lives with artificial, bionic devices. These devices are being developed to do more than replace defective parts. Researchers are also using them to fight illnesses. Providing power to run these artificial implants and making connections to the brain's control system is a major challenge. But what ever be the pros and cons of this system, if this system is fully developed it will change the lives of millions of people around the world. We may not restore the vision fully, but we can help them to least be able to find their way, recognize faces, read books, above all lead an independent life. By 2011 electronic eye is expected to reach Australia and India could be the next destination for the clinical trials.

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what is the difference between electronic eye and a bell

ELECTRONIC EYE


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ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a method for detecting frontal pedestrian crossings from image data obtained with a single camera as a travel aid for the visually challenged. This would be mounted on a pair of glasses, will be capable of detecting the existence & location of a pedestrian crossing, to measure the width of the road, & to detect the color of the traffic lights. The process of detecting a crossing is a pre-process followed by the process for detecting the state of the traffic lights. It is important for the visually challenged to know whether or not a frontal area is a crossing. The existence of a crossing is detected in two steps. In the first step, edge detection & pattern detection are employed to identify the crossing. In the second step, the existence of a crossing is detected by checking the periodicity of white lines on the road using projective invariants. Then the traffic light detector is used to check the pedestrian light & the time display. The calculated time is then compared with the average time needed for a blind person to cross. The observations are relayed through voice signals using the voice vision technology. Thus, this effective technology aids mobility for the visually impaired throughout the globe.

INTRODUCTION

Blindness is the most feared of all the human ailments. CROSSING busy roads can be a challenge for people with good vision. For blind people, it is a perilous activity. Our electronic eye aims at helping millions of blind and visually impaired people lead more independent lives.
The electronic eye can be adapted to help the blind or visually impaired get around without a walking stick or seeing-eye dog. Canes and other travel aids with sonar or lasers can alert the user to approaching objects. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) can tell what streets, restaurants, parks and other landmarks the user is passing. Devices like these are very good at giving locations and directions. But the limitations of G.P.S. technology mean that they cannot pin down the location of a curb or crosswalk and frequently fail in areas that have many tall buildings and high traffic.

TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTOR

The function of the traffic light detector is to recognize if the pedestrian light is on for the user to cross the road. If the user happens to reach the road when the pedestrian light is already on, the time indicated by the timer display in the traffic light must be detected and compared with the time required by the user to cross the road. If the user can cross the road safely, the voice speech system will instruct him to cross the road. This process can be effectively done by having an image database in the system and comparing the obtained image of camera to detect if pedestrian light is on and to detect the time left to cross the road.

CONCLUSION

The development of mobility aids for the visually impaired is a challenging task that has many potential solutions. A sophisticated mechanism designed to enhance the mobility of the blind is intended to help people who cannot recover their eyesight by normal medical procedures. Blind pedestrians in the greatest danger are those who must cross wide, busy roads. This system along with the available low technology aids can relieve the visually challenged of being dependent on others and lead normal lives. This effective navigation system would improve the mobility of millions of blind people all over the world.

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[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=medium].please send me the full documentation

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-by poonam gupta