Seminar Topics & Project Ideas On Computer Science Electronics Electrical Mechanical Engineering Civil MBA Medicine Nursing Science Physics Mathematics Chemistry ppt pdf doc presentation downloads and Abstract

presented by:
Suresh R. Borkar

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3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges
 Where are we?
 3G Wireless Summary
 Where do we Want to go?
 Evolution to Seamless Networking
 4G Wireless
 Challenges
Where are We?
 Classic Wireline MaBell Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
– US Universal coverage achieved early 1980’s
 “Wireless” First Generation Analog Systems
– Speech
– AMPS, TACS
 Second Generation Digital Systems
– Enhanced Capacity
– CDMA, D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, DECT, PDC
 2.5 Generation Systems
– Low Speed Data
– GPRS, EDGE
 Third Generation Systems
– “INTERNET” on Wireless
– WiFi/HyperLAN <-> WiMAX/HyperWAN <-> CDMA2000/WCDMA
– Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP
Representative Wireless Standards
 GSM/TDMA
– Time Division Multiplexing based access
 CDMA
– Code Division Multiplexing based access
 OFDM
– Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
TDMA/FDMA
CDMA
Multipath Arrival of Signals
CDMA Rake Receiver
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
 Successor to Frequency Hopping and Direct Sequence CDMA
 Capability to cancel multipath distortion in a spectrally efficient manner without requiring multiple local oscillators (802.11a and 802.16)
 Based on use of IFFT and FFT
 Frequency orthogonality as compared to code orthogonality in CDMA using Walsh Code
3G Services
Key Mobility Services
 Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS)
– Text, sounds, images, and video
– Transition from Short Message Service (SMS)
– Open Internet standards for messaging
 Web Applications
– Information portals
– Wireless Markup Language (WML) with signals using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
 Location Communications Services
– Location Awareness Based
 Personalization of information presentation format
– Service capability negotiations (MExE environment)
Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL)
 CAMEL = IN + Service portability (incl mobility and roaming)
 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
• Mobile user <-> ISP <-> corporate server
• Mobility, Security, Capacity and quality
 Prepaid, Usage Limitations, Advanced Routing Services
 Virtual Home Environment (VHE)
• Subscriber profile, charging information, Service information, numbering information
• Integration of array of services, content conversion to heterogeneous services, network user profile, location aware services
3G Evolution
Some Representative Current Wireless Options
 3G Cellular (WCDMA)
– Frequency Division Duplex (FDD): Uplink and Downlink are separated in frequency – (“symmetric”)
– Time Division Duplex (TDD): Uplink and Downlink are separated in time – allows “asymmetric” traffic (adjust time slots in uplink and downlink)
 3G Cellular (CDMA2000)
 Wi Fi
– 802.11a and 802.11b; HyperLAN2
– 2.4 GHz band
 WiMAX
– 802.16d (fixed); 802.16e (“portable”)
– 5.8 GHz band; 10 – 20 Mbps symmetrical BW
 Blue Tooth
– RF based LAN technology; 20-30 feet coverage
– 2.4 GHz band
3G WCDMA
 Release 99
 Release 4
 Release 5
 Domains, Protocols, and Channels
 Radio Resource Management
 Network Dimensioning and Optimization
 Quality of Service (QoS0 and Location Services
Release 99
 Radio Bearer Negotiations
 Traffic Classes
 Complex Scrambling
 Speech Codec – (eight) Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)
 Battery Life
 Transmission “spatial/antenna” diversity
 Compressed Mode
– Measurements in multiple frequency
– Use of transmission time reduction techniques
 # PDP Contexts per IP Address
 QPSK; coherent detection; Rake receiver
 Short and Long Spreading Codes
 Multicall – several simultaneous CS calls with dedicated bearers of independent traffic and performance characteristics
 Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) Phase 3
Release 4
 Bearer Independent Core Network
 Tandem Free Operation (TFO), Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO), and Out of Band Transcoder Control (OoBTC)
 Low Chip Rate TDD Operation
 Network Assisted Cell Change
 FDD Repeater
 NodeB Synchronization for TDD
 IPv6 packet switched network supporting both real time and non-real time traffic
– Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) replacing SS7
 Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
 MSC/VLR -> MSC server (mobility management) and MGW (Connection management subtasks)
 Multimedia Message Service (MMS) environment
Release 5
 IP Transport in UTRAN
 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) (upto 10 Mbps)
 Intra Domain Connection to Multiple CN Nodes (Iuflex)
 IP Multimedia CN Subsystem (IMS)
 “Guaranteed” End to End (E2E) QoS in the PS domain
 Global Text Telephony
 Support for Real Time Services in packet domain
 CAMEL Phase 4
HSDPA
 Peak Data rate > 10 Mbps
 Same spectrum by both voice and data
– Up to 12 spreading codes for High Speed DSCH (HS-DSCH)
– Fast link Adaptation
– Both code and time division for channel sharing
 Transmission Time interval 2 ms
 Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ)
– Automatic optimizations to Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
 QPSK and 16 QAM modulation at 3.84 Mhz symbol; spreading factor fixed to 16
 Incremental Redundancy or chase combining (CH)
 New DPCCH2 in uplink primarily for HARQ channel state info

3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

Successor to Frequency Hopping and Direct Sequence CDMA
Capability to cancel multipath distortion in a spectrally efficient manner without requiring multiple local oscillators (802.11a and 802.16)
Based on use of IFFT and FFT
Frequency orthogonality as compared to code orthogonality in CDMA using Walsh Code

Key Mobility Services

Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS)
Text, sounds, images, and video
Transition from Short Message Service (SMS)
Open Internet standards for messaging
Web Applications
Information portals
Wireless Markup Language (WML) with signals using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Location Communications Services
Location Awareness Based
Personalization of information presentation format
Service capability negotiations (MExE environment)

Some Representative Current Wireless Options

Release 99
Release 4
Release 5
Domains, Protocols, and Channels
Radio Resource Management
Network Dimensioning and Optimization
Quality of Service (QoS0 and Location Services

HSDPA

Peak Data rate > 10 Mbps
Same spectrum by both voice and data
Up to 12 spreading codes for High Speed DSCH (HS-DSCH)
Fast link Adaptation
Both code and time division for channel sharing
Transmission Time interval 2 ms
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ)
Automatic optimizations to Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
QPSK and 16 QAM modulation at 3.84 Mhz symbol; spreading factor fixed to 16
Incremental Redundancy or chase combining (CH)
New DPCCH2 in uplink primarily for HARQ channel state info

3.5G Radio Network Evolution

High Data rate, low latency, packet optimized radio access
Support flexible bandwidth upto 20 MHz, new transmission schemes, advanced multi-antenna technologies, and signaling optimization
Instantaneous peak DL 100 Mb/s and UP 50 Mb/S within 20 MHz spectrum
Control plane latency of < 100 ms (camped to active) and < 50 ms (dormant to active)
> 200 users per cell within 5 MHz spectrum
Spectrum flexibility from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz
Eliminate “dedicated” channels; avoid macro diversity in DL
Migrate towards OFDM in DL and SC-FDMA in UL
Support voice services in the packet domain
Adaptive Modulation and Coding using Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) measurements