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Robotics in Surgery

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Types of Robots


Passive
Retractor system
Position the tool and then hold

Active
Robot would actively move the tool upon the surgeons command


Surgical Robots in 2007



AESOP (Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning)
- Voice activated mechanical arm
- Steadier than human, never tires
daVinci
- FDA approval in 2002
- Laparoscopic instrumentation controlled by the surgeon positioned remotely at a console


Development of daVinci


Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for military research of remote battlefield surgery

Cholecystectomy performed remotely via telesurgery from 300 miles away

Intuitive Surgical created in 1999 after acquiring patent rights from military

First robotic prostatectomy performed in 2001