16-03-2012, 12:48 PM
Innovative techniques for electronic road pricing
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Most approaches to electronic tolling, electronic road pricing and road user charging, collectively known as electronic fee collection (EFC), have been based on the concept of short-range communication between an in-vehicle unit and roadside equipment, using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC). This paper outlines an alternative approach which is rapidly gaining credibility and interest. The approach is based on an in-vehicle positioning capability. The paper outlines the basis of the vehicle positioning system (VPS) approach to EFC, and briefly traces its development, concentrating on the trials in Hong Kong. It concludes by drawing some comparisons between the VPS and DSRC approaches
Importance of EMC education
This paper summarises the strategy of EMC education in India and abroad. A formal EMC educational course basically includes a broad comprehensive introduction to electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems and their hardening and analysis techniques, computational electromagnetics, methods of EMI measurement and various standards and specifications used in the international levels, as well as instrumentation and case histories of the EMC problems. This is also aimed at training the working engineers in industries, as engineers are keenly interested in EMC because of the competitive nature of today's market. The educational course is designed by the expert teaching staff to provide proper motivation and realism and practical aspects of the EMI situations. The course is divided into two parts. To begin with, the education course may consist of a lecture segment covering the essential topics like EMC aspects, EMC requirements for electronic systems, signal spectra, crosstalk, shielding, electromagnetics etc., and is followed by practical design of various live electromagnetic problems experienced in information technology products and processes, measurements, seminars both by students and by experts from the industries, R&D houses and visits to EMC design centres in the second part. The paper addresses the syllabus of this integrated EMC course which is taught in undergraduate level of the Universities/Institutions. The paper emphasises the importance of nonformal EMC education to produce skilled manpower to look after the EMC design and measurement techniques in electronic industries.
The use of CAD systems for investigation of electronic circuits reliability and safety and their application in education
Electronic control systems are widely used in controlling safety-critical equipment and security techniques. Almost all electronic circuits and system was damaged in the course of time. The operation of the system or equipment is often interrupted or disturbed by the influence of failure. A fault can even be hazardous if it occurs in a safety device, accidents preventive shielding or a control system. In order to make the electronic equipment safe already in designing, there must be a possibility to estimate the reliability and safety of the device. The railway control devices must be not only working but so they must be a fail-safe. Important role in these requirements has the computer modeling and computer analysis of reliability and safety behavior of such systems. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate some examples, worked out by "RAMS software tools". These examples are electronic circuits that are used in the equipment in the Bulgarian Railways. The reliability and safety analysis of the schemes is performed.
DSP's based energy meter
The new solutions on microcontrollers and DSP facilitates the transition from widely-used mechanical meters that yield limited data, to electronic meters that provide extensive information on customer energy usage. In the face of electric industry deregulation and the need for continuous improvement in customer service, the new electronic meters promise utility companies better access to information needed to establish more flexible customer rate plans and the parameters of power system also. One advantage of an electronic meter in nonlinear loads is its high metering accuracy; electronic measurements are more robust and accurate. The paper presents theoretical and experimental aspects related to the power meter design based on Motorola 56800 DSP family. The DSP56F80xfrom Motorola is a fully versatile part for a high performance, low cost, single chip electric energy meter with many additional features not found in other solutions. The on-chip ADC is capable of simultaneous dual sampling, allowing current and voltage to be sampled together in each phase. Energy computations consist mainly of multiplication and addition operations, easily be handled by this DSP. The high ADC sampling rate (up to two samples at 830KHz) contributes to high measuring accuracy, even in a nonlinear load.
Design, modelling and testing of mechatronic system controlled with system-on-chip device
Mechatronic systems combine fine mechanics, electronics and information technology to achieve better performance with lower cost when compared with a mechanical-only device. Hydraulic systems, using hydraulic cylinders as actuators, are typical mechatronic systems. Efforts were made to develop a universal electronic module for controlling mechatronic devices and a test mechatronic system to validate this module was design and implemented. The paper presents design, simulation, implementation and testing of a mechatronic system controlled by a single chip electronic module based on 16 bit RISC microcontroller with large resources of memory and peripherals. The module was tested and special software was developed for a mechatronic application - an electro hydraulic position control system. The originality aspects of the work come from the unique design of electronic board able to handle a large range of mechatronic systems. The simple implementation of digital PID algorithm makes the module suitable for control of hydraulic applications like railway hydraulic damper test bench or hydraulic presses for recycling materials (chainsaw dust, PETs).
Application of artificial neural networks to the design and implementation of electronic olfactory systems
Developments in electronic olfactory systems have broadened their range of applications to many industrial fields, such as the chemical, food and cosmetic industries. Mimicking the human olfactory systems, where neural processing enhances the sensibility and selectivity of the chemosensory receptor cells, the new generation of “electronic noses” combine arrays of chemical sensors with powerful artificial neural network processing algorithms. The paper reviews the state of the art of these electronic instruments and describes the research activities conducted in this field by the Electrical Engineering Department of the Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Spain
[attachment=18432]
Most approaches to electronic tolling, electronic road pricing and road user charging, collectively known as electronic fee collection (EFC), have been based on the concept of short-range communication between an in-vehicle unit and roadside equipment, using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC). This paper outlines an alternative approach which is rapidly gaining credibility and interest. The approach is based on an in-vehicle positioning capability. The paper outlines the basis of the vehicle positioning system (VPS) approach to EFC, and briefly traces its development, concentrating on the trials in Hong Kong. It concludes by drawing some comparisons between the VPS and DSRC approaches
Importance of EMC education
This paper summarises the strategy of EMC education in India and abroad. A formal EMC educational course basically includes a broad comprehensive introduction to electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems and their hardening and analysis techniques, computational electromagnetics, methods of EMI measurement and various standards and specifications used in the international levels, as well as instrumentation and case histories of the EMC problems. This is also aimed at training the working engineers in industries, as engineers are keenly interested in EMC because of the competitive nature of today's market. The educational course is designed by the expert teaching staff to provide proper motivation and realism and practical aspects of the EMI situations. The course is divided into two parts. To begin with, the education course may consist of a lecture segment covering the essential topics like EMC aspects, EMC requirements for electronic systems, signal spectra, crosstalk, shielding, electromagnetics etc., and is followed by practical design of various live electromagnetic problems experienced in information technology products and processes, measurements, seminars both by students and by experts from the industries, R&D houses and visits to EMC design centres in the second part. The paper addresses the syllabus of this integrated EMC course which is taught in undergraduate level of the Universities/Institutions. The paper emphasises the importance of nonformal EMC education to produce skilled manpower to look after the EMC design and measurement techniques in electronic industries.
The use of CAD systems for investigation of electronic circuits reliability and safety and their application in education
Electronic control systems are widely used in controlling safety-critical equipment and security techniques. Almost all electronic circuits and system was damaged in the course of time. The operation of the system or equipment is often interrupted or disturbed by the influence of failure. A fault can even be hazardous if it occurs in a safety device, accidents preventive shielding or a control system. In order to make the electronic equipment safe already in designing, there must be a possibility to estimate the reliability and safety of the device. The railway control devices must be not only working but so they must be a fail-safe. Important role in these requirements has the computer modeling and computer analysis of reliability and safety behavior of such systems. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate some examples, worked out by "RAMS software tools". These examples are electronic circuits that are used in the equipment in the Bulgarian Railways. The reliability and safety analysis of the schemes is performed.
DSP's based energy meter
The new solutions on microcontrollers and DSP facilitates the transition from widely-used mechanical meters that yield limited data, to electronic meters that provide extensive information on customer energy usage. In the face of electric industry deregulation and the need for continuous improvement in customer service, the new electronic meters promise utility companies better access to information needed to establish more flexible customer rate plans and the parameters of power system also. One advantage of an electronic meter in nonlinear loads is its high metering accuracy; electronic measurements are more robust and accurate. The paper presents theoretical and experimental aspects related to the power meter design based on Motorola 56800 DSP family. The DSP56F80xfrom Motorola is a fully versatile part for a high performance, low cost, single chip electric energy meter with many additional features not found in other solutions. The on-chip ADC is capable of simultaneous dual sampling, allowing current and voltage to be sampled together in each phase. Energy computations consist mainly of multiplication and addition operations, easily be handled by this DSP. The high ADC sampling rate (up to two samples at 830KHz) contributes to high measuring accuracy, even in a nonlinear load.
Design, modelling and testing of mechatronic system controlled with system-on-chip device
Mechatronic systems combine fine mechanics, electronics and information technology to achieve better performance with lower cost when compared with a mechanical-only device. Hydraulic systems, using hydraulic cylinders as actuators, are typical mechatronic systems. Efforts were made to develop a universal electronic module for controlling mechatronic devices and a test mechatronic system to validate this module was design and implemented. The paper presents design, simulation, implementation and testing of a mechatronic system controlled by a single chip electronic module based on 16 bit RISC microcontroller with large resources of memory and peripherals. The module was tested and special software was developed for a mechatronic application - an electro hydraulic position control system. The originality aspects of the work come from the unique design of electronic board able to handle a large range of mechatronic systems. The simple implementation of digital PID algorithm makes the module suitable for control of hydraulic applications like railway hydraulic damper test bench or hydraulic presses for recycling materials (chainsaw dust, PETs).
Application of artificial neural networks to the design and implementation of electronic olfactory systems
Developments in electronic olfactory systems have broadened their range of applications to many industrial fields, such as the chemical, food and cosmetic industries. Mimicking the human olfactory systems, where neural processing enhances the sensibility and selectivity of the chemosensory receptor cells, the new generation of “electronic noses” combine arrays of chemical sensors with powerful artificial neural network processing algorithms. The paper reviews the state of the art of these electronic instruments and describes the research activities conducted in this field by the Electrical Engineering Department of the Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Spain