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Composite Materials

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Two inherently different materials that when combined together produce a material with properties that exceed the constituent materials.

Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix 

Matrix


Transfer Load to Reinforcement
Temperature Resistance
Chemical Resistance


Matrix Types


Polyester 
Polyesters have good mechanical properties, electrical properties and chemical resistance. Polyesters are amenable to multiple fabrication techniques and are low cost.
 
Vinyl Esters
Vinyl Esters are similar to polyester in performance. Vinyl esters have increased resistance to corrosive environments as well as a high degree of moisture resistance.


Epoxy
Epoxies have improved strength and stiffness properties over polyesters. Epoxies offer excellent corrosion resistance and resistance to solvents and alkalis. Cure cycles are usually longer than polyesters, however no by-products are produced.
 
Flexibility and improved performance is also achieved by the utilization of additives and fillers.


Fabric Structures


Woven: Series of Interlaced yarns at 90° to each other
 
Knit: Series of Interlooped Yarns
 
Braided: Series of Intertwined, Spiral Yarns
 
Nonwoven: Oriented fibers either mechanically, chemically, or thermally bonded

Composite Materials

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Two inherently different materials that when combined together produce a material with properties that exceed the constituent materials.

Composites Offer

High Strength
Light Weight
Design Flexibility
Consolidation of Parts
Net Shape Manufacturing

Matrix Considerations

End Use Temperature
Toughness
Cosmetic Issues
Flame Retardant
Processing Method
Adhesion Requirements

Matrix Types

Epoxy

Epoxies have improved strength and stiffness properties over polyesters. Epoxies offer excellent corrosion resistance and resistance to solvents and alkalis. Cure cycles are usually longer than polyesters, however no by-products are produced.
Flexibility and improved performance is also achieved by the utilization of additives and fillers.

Braiding

A braid consists of two sets of yarns, which are helically intertwined.
The resulting structure is oriented to the longitudinal axis of the braid.
This structure is imparted with a high level of conformability, relative low cost and ease of manufacture.

Conclusions

Composite materials offer endless design options.
Matrix, Fiber and Preform selections are critical in the design process.
Structures can be produced with specific properties to meet end use requirements.