19-04-2012, 12:03 PM
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
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INTRODUCTION
Power is a critical infrastructure for the growth if the Indian economy. Acceleration in the economic growth will depend upon a financial and commercially viable power sector that is able to attract fresh investments. Currently electrical energy constitutes about 20% of the total energy consumption on a worldwide scale with an ever-rising demand.
The power sector in India at this juncture is plagued by a number of problems. These include:
Inadequate generation capacities
Poor capacity utilization
Very high transmission losses
Poor project implementation
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a process control system that enables a site operator to monitor and control processes that are distributed among various remote sites. A properly designed SCADA system saves time and money by eliminating the need for service personnel to visit each site for inspection data collection/logging or make adjustments.Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems are computers, controllers, instruments; actuators, networks, and interfaces that manage the control of automated industrial processes and allow analysis of those systems through data collection .They are used in all types of industries, from electrical distribution systems, to food processing, to facility security alarms.
SCADA ARCHITECTURE
There are three types of Generation such as:
1. First Generation – Monolithic
2. Second Generation – Distributed
3. Third Generation – Networked
Components of Scada System:-
Sensors and actuators:
A sensor (also called detector) is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.
Sensors perform measurement, and actuators perform control. Sensors get the data (supervision and data acquisition) and actuators perform actions dependent on this data (control). The processing and determination of what action to take, is done by the master control system (i.e. SCADA).
Remote telemetry units(RTUs):
The RTU, also called a remote telemetry unit, is special purpose data acquisition and control unit designed to support SCADA remote stations. RTUs are field devices often equipped with wireless radio interfaces to support remote situations where wire-based communications are unavailable. Sometimes PLCs are implemented as field devices to serve as RTUs; in this case, the PLC is often referred to as an RTU.
Master stations:
Master stations consist of one or more personal computers (PC), which, although they can function in a multi-purpose mode (email, word processing, etc), are configured to be dedicated to master station duties.
They display data in the form which is understandable by the operator
It shows faults, breaks, islands, power distribution, etc.
It contains a visual output-terminal and an input terminal through which the operator can feed instructions to be fed back to the process
[attachment=20343]
INTRODUCTION
Power is a critical infrastructure for the growth if the Indian economy. Acceleration in the economic growth will depend upon a financial and commercially viable power sector that is able to attract fresh investments. Currently electrical energy constitutes about 20% of the total energy consumption on a worldwide scale with an ever-rising demand.
The power sector in India at this juncture is plagued by a number of problems. These include:
Inadequate generation capacities
Poor capacity utilization
Very high transmission losses
Poor project implementation
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a process control system that enables a site operator to monitor and control processes that are distributed among various remote sites. A properly designed SCADA system saves time and money by eliminating the need for service personnel to visit each site for inspection data collection/logging or make adjustments.Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems are computers, controllers, instruments; actuators, networks, and interfaces that manage the control of automated industrial processes and allow analysis of those systems through data collection .They are used in all types of industries, from electrical distribution systems, to food processing, to facility security alarms.
SCADA ARCHITECTURE
There are three types of Generation such as:
1. First Generation – Monolithic
2. Second Generation – Distributed
3. Third Generation – Networked
Components of Scada System:-
Sensors and actuators:
A sensor (also called detector) is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.
Sensors perform measurement, and actuators perform control. Sensors get the data (supervision and data acquisition) and actuators perform actions dependent on this data (control). The processing and determination of what action to take, is done by the master control system (i.e. SCADA).
Remote telemetry units(RTUs):
The RTU, also called a remote telemetry unit, is special purpose data acquisition and control unit designed to support SCADA remote stations. RTUs are field devices often equipped with wireless radio interfaces to support remote situations where wire-based communications are unavailable. Sometimes PLCs are implemented as field devices to serve as RTUs; in this case, the PLC is often referred to as an RTU.
Master stations:
Master stations consist of one or more personal computers (PC), which, although they can function in a multi-purpose mode (email, word processing, etc), are configured to be dedicated to master station duties.
They display data in the form which is understandable by the operator
It shows faults, breaks, islands, power distribution, etc.
It contains a visual output-terminal and an input terminal through which the operator can feed instructions to be fed back to the process