20-04-2012, 04:25 PM
REMOTE PATIENT DIAGONISING AND TREATMENT PROTOTYPE
[attachment=20472]
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
ECG stands for “electro cardiogram “
It has been said, “What a piece of work is man”. The complexities of the human body and our biological systems exceed the most complex machines that we can produce. Our nervous system and synaptic processes are still not fully understood by the cleverest scientists.
Consider the heart muscle. This delicate and complex bit of tissue can be likened to a simple pump. Now if we take the averages, this pump moves roughly two and one-half ounces of liquid per heartbeat. If we assume an average heart rate of 72 beats in a minute, our heart muscle moves over a gallon per minute, about 1900 gallons a day, over 700,000 gallons per
Year. if we carry this out over a lifetime, by the time we reach seventy years of age our heart has pumped over 45 million gallons! Not bad for a half-pound pump that is the size of your fist!
Another fascinating feature of the heart muscle is its ability to continue to beat automatically, day in and day out, for our entire life. The heart contains a built in pacemaker that regulates the rhythm of the muscle. The rest of our nervous system can adjust this. All these nerves “firing” cause an electrical output that we can actually measure.
GSM:
GSM is an acronym that stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. The original French acronym stands for Group Special Mobile. It was originally developed in 1984 as a standard for a mobile telephone system that could be used across Europe.
GSM is now an international standard for mobile service. It offers high mobility. Subscribers can easily roam worldwide and access any GSM network.
GSM is a digital cellular network. At the time the standard was developed it offered much higher capacity than the current analog systems. It also allowed for a more optimal allocation of the radio spectrum, which therefore allows for a larger number of subscribers.
GSM offers a number of services including voice communications, Short Message Service (SMS), fax, voice mail, and other supplemental services such as call forwarding and caller ID.
Currently there are several bands in use in GSM. 450 MHz, 850 MHZ, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz are the most common ones.
Some bands also have Extended GSM (EGSM) bands added to them, increasing the amount of spectrum available for each band.
GSM makes use of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
*TDMA will be discussed later
Uplinks/Downlinks & Reverse Forward
GSM allows for use of duplex operation. Each band has a frequency range for the uplink (cell phone to tower) and a separate range for the downlink (tower to the cell phone). The uplink is also known as the Reverse and the downlink is also known as the Forward. In this tutorial, I will use the terms uplink and downlink.
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
GSM divides the allocated spectrum for each band up into idividual carrier frequencies. Carrier separation is 200 khz. This is the FDMA aspect of GSM.
Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN)
The ARFCN is a number that describes a pair of frequencies, one uplink and one downlink. The uplink and downlink frequencies each have a bandwidth of 200 kHz. The uplink and downlink have a specific offset that varies for each band. The offset is the frequency separation of the uplink from the downlink. Every time the ARFCN increases, the uplink will increase by 200 khz and the downlink also increases by 200 khz.
APPLICATION:
1. The above design is useful in big hospital for monitoring the patients in periodic intervals.
2. Used in ambulance.
3. Monitoring critical patients in domestic
[attachment=20472]
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
ECG stands for “electro cardiogram “
It has been said, “What a piece of work is man”. The complexities of the human body and our biological systems exceed the most complex machines that we can produce. Our nervous system and synaptic processes are still not fully understood by the cleverest scientists.
Consider the heart muscle. This delicate and complex bit of tissue can be likened to a simple pump. Now if we take the averages, this pump moves roughly two and one-half ounces of liquid per heartbeat. If we assume an average heart rate of 72 beats in a minute, our heart muscle moves over a gallon per minute, about 1900 gallons a day, over 700,000 gallons per
Year. if we carry this out over a lifetime, by the time we reach seventy years of age our heart has pumped over 45 million gallons! Not bad for a half-pound pump that is the size of your fist!
Another fascinating feature of the heart muscle is its ability to continue to beat automatically, day in and day out, for our entire life. The heart contains a built in pacemaker that regulates the rhythm of the muscle. The rest of our nervous system can adjust this. All these nerves “firing” cause an electrical output that we can actually measure.
GSM:
GSM is an acronym that stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. The original French acronym stands for Group Special Mobile. It was originally developed in 1984 as a standard for a mobile telephone system that could be used across Europe.
GSM is now an international standard for mobile service. It offers high mobility. Subscribers can easily roam worldwide and access any GSM network.
GSM is a digital cellular network. At the time the standard was developed it offered much higher capacity than the current analog systems. It also allowed for a more optimal allocation of the radio spectrum, which therefore allows for a larger number of subscribers.
GSM offers a number of services including voice communications, Short Message Service (SMS), fax, voice mail, and other supplemental services such as call forwarding and caller ID.
Currently there are several bands in use in GSM. 450 MHz, 850 MHZ, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz are the most common ones.
Some bands also have Extended GSM (EGSM) bands added to them, increasing the amount of spectrum available for each band.
GSM makes use of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
*TDMA will be discussed later
Uplinks/Downlinks & Reverse Forward
GSM allows for use of duplex operation. Each band has a frequency range for the uplink (cell phone to tower) and a separate range for the downlink (tower to the cell phone). The uplink is also known as the Reverse and the downlink is also known as the Forward. In this tutorial, I will use the terms uplink and downlink.
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
GSM divides the allocated spectrum for each band up into idividual carrier frequencies. Carrier separation is 200 khz. This is the FDMA aspect of GSM.
Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN)
The ARFCN is a number that describes a pair of frequencies, one uplink and one downlink. The uplink and downlink frequencies each have a bandwidth of 200 kHz. The uplink and downlink have a specific offset that varies for each band. The offset is the frequency separation of the uplink from the downlink. Every time the ARFCN increases, the uplink will increase by 200 khz and the downlink also increases by 200 khz.
APPLICATION:
1. The above design is useful in big hospital for monitoring the patients in periodic intervals.
2. Used in ambulance.
3. Monitoring critical patients in domestic