03-05-2012, 12:11 PM
TV remote using robot control
[attachment=21135]
ABSTRACT
Our India is a developing country therefore we need development. Today or now a days Electronics has great providing automatic system which save out time and energy easy. So due to above reasons the project is selected.
The project ‘Multipurpose Remote Control System’ itself tells about it. Controlling the different systems or appliances sitting at one place by Remote.
If the push button on remote transmitter will be pressed. The first relay will be energized which will make the first appliances ON & So on The entire system will be working on + 12 Volts Dc regulated power supply. A simple step down transformer is followed by rectifier, filter and a regulated. The regulated supply goes to relay board and to all the Vcc points on the circuit board.
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION IN BRIEF:-
Block diagram is as shown. It consists of two sections namely Transmitter & Receiver.
Transmitter:-
1. Keyboard: - It consists of keyboard switches. By using these switches we transmit a pulse, which is input to the frequency generator. The operation of these switches can be purely mechanical, capacitive, magnetic or by actuating a metallic membrane. In mechanical push ON keys, the contacts are spring loaded phosphor bronze, they are also be silver or gold plated. Action depends on spring tension. Low spring tensions are used.
2. Frequency Generator: - As name suggest, frequency generator use to provide frequency to the pulses coming from keyboard for different pulses, frequency generator generates different frequency.
3. IR Driver: - IR Drives the signal coming from frequency generator & passes to the IR LED.
4. IR LED: - IR LED is a infra red led which generates IR rays which is our transmission medium. IR LED’s construction is same as our general LED’s but because of material is different, it does not emit color light, but it emits infra red beams. The material used for construction is Gallium Arsenide (GaAs).
Receiver: -
1. IR Detector: - IR Detector detects the IR rays from transmitter & converts these IR rays into electrical signal and these signals are passed to the pre-amplifier.
2. Relay Board: - It consists of number relays. Which relay we want to operate is depend upon how many clock pulses we are going to apply which is counted by counter. As every clock pulse has different frequency as we discuss earlier, so for different frequency (i.e. clock pulses) different relays get activated. It means that for one clock pulse first relay and for second clock pulse second relay get activated & so on…. The connection relay is directly given to the various appliances.
So which appliance we want to operate is depend on the relay and finally it depends on how many pulses we are going to transmit i.e. which appliances will be operate is depends upon operator only operator can operate this circuit by sitting one place only. He can operate no. of appliances by using single kit.
3. Regulated Power Supply: - Most of the electronic devices work on DC voltage. So a regulated power supply is used to provide a constant Dc voltage irrespective of variation in input and load. In our circuit we use a regulated power supply in receiver section, which provide +/- 12V constant voltage for the working of receiver section.
In this way our circuit works for switch ON/OFF the circuit or appliances while running we can directly switch off the supply and off our kit when we want.
CIRCUIT DIAGARAM DESCRIPTION:-
The circuit diagram of the ‘Remote’ control appliances is given in details as below. The circuit is divided into 4 major parts.
1. Power supply regulator section
2. Transmitter Section
3. Receiver Section
4. Relay switch board section
Explanation: -
The Transmitter: -
This circuit can be operated on 9V battery, through 56E resistor R1. Led1 is ON when power switched is closed. The transmitter consist of two NE 555 ICs (IC1 & IC2), keypad switches S1 through S4 & IR LEDs. Both the ICs are wired in astable mode. IC1 function as modulating signal generator, while IC2 functions as the carrier generator-cum Modulator. The modulating signal is generator when the switch connected to pin 7 of IC1 is pressed.
The inverting action is depicted by the NOT gate in the block diagram. Transistor T2 through T4 from the signal detector. This detector is enabled by the +ve voltage at the base of the transistor T4. This voltage is given as a pulse by 220pF capacitor C7 only at the rising edge of the clock (Clk) generated by IC4 (NE555).
When transistor T2 conducts, about 6V becomes available at the base of transistor T3 (BC548) and at the collector of the transistor T6 (BC 548) simultaneously. Transistor T3 conducts to pull input pin2 of IC3. This - ve pulse at pin2 tiggers monostable multivibrator IC3 to generate a clock pulse of about 1 KHz.
The receiver section: -
The base of transistor T6 receives the clock pulse from output pin3 of IC3 and the transistor conducts. Due to the conduction of the transistor T6. IC5 (CD4033) receives the stroke signal at pin2 of IC5. It allows the demodulated signal to enter the counter section of the circuit for a preset period decided by 1uF capacitor C9 & 1NE potentiometer VR6. During this period, the counter ICs count the input frequency.
IC4 (NE55) is configured in astable mode and function as a clock generator. It continuously generates the clock pulse of 1.6 sec duration at its pin3. This pulse is simultaneously fed 4.7k resistor CD4033 is a decode counter that provides the required clock pulse to the second counter CD4017. It counts the unit & after every 10 counts sends a carry out at its pin5.
CD4017 is also a decade counter. It receives the clock form pin5 of IC5, at its input pin 14. Output pins 2, 4, 7 & 10 of IC6 i.e. CD4017 are connected to the emitter of transistors T7 through T10 via resistors R23 through R26.
Presets VR1 through VR4 in series with switches S1 through S4 respectively are used to generate different modulating frequencies from 200 to 500 Hz. The preset, along with specific switch pressed, is tuned to a particular modulating frequency such that a particular output (relay) is turned ON or OFF at the receiver end for eg, to turn ON output 1 is turned ON. Output 1 (01), adjust 10k preset VR1 while keeping switch S1 depressed until the output doesn’t turn ON, releases S1 & then the press it again continuously until it is ON.
The output of IC1 at pin3 is connected to pin4 of IC2. IC2 generates a carrier frequency of 38 KHz. The modulated signal from pin3 of IC2 is fed to the base of transistor T1 (SK-100) and then transmitted through infra red Led’s (IR LED1 & IR LED2). The output frequency at pin 3 of timer IC555 is given by f = 1.433/ (Ra+2Rb) C.
Where, Ra is the resistance between +Vcc & pin 7.
Rb is the resistance between pin6 & ground.
The modulated signal is received by IR sensor module of the receiver section. The -ve pulse of the demodulated signal from the sensor inverted by transistor T2 (BC558).
Initially, output pin3 of the IR module is high at 6v state. As a result, Led2 is forward biased & it glows to indicate that the conducts as the potential at its base is low. Thus, the transistor conducts when the sensor output goes low. As Q1output are used. Here we have used only 4 outputs.
When the clock goes low, counting stop and only the last high output is passed to the flip flop circuit through corresponding tristate switch (T7, T8, T9, and T10). The collectors of transistor T7 and T8 are connected to pin3 and pin11 of IC7 respectively. IC7 and IC8 each comprise two flip-flops. The total 4 flip-flops namely IC7 (a), IC7 (b), IC8 (b), are wired in a toggle mode. These flip-flops change state for every +ve going pulse appearing at their inputs. The flip-flop outputs are fed to relay driver transistor. These transistors are driving the relays which switch on & off the appliances.
[attachment=21135]
ABSTRACT
Our India is a developing country therefore we need development. Today or now a days Electronics has great providing automatic system which save out time and energy easy. So due to above reasons the project is selected.
The project ‘Multipurpose Remote Control System’ itself tells about it. Controlling the different systems or appliances sitting at one place by Remote.
If the push button on remote transmitter will be pressed. The first relay will be energized which will make the first appliances ON & So on The entire system will be working on + 12 Volts Dc regulated power supply. A simple step down transformer is followed by rectifier, filter and a regulated. The regulated supply goes to relay board and to all the Vcc points on the circuit board.
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION IN BRIEF:-
Block diagram is as shown. It consists of two sections namely Transmitter & Receiver.
Transmitter:-
1. Keyboard: - It consists of keyboard switches. By using these switches we transmit a pulse, which is input to the frequency generator. The operation of these switches can be purely mechanical, capacitive, magnetic or by actuating a metallic membrane. In mechanical push ON keys, the contacts are spring loaded phosphor bronze, they are also be silver or gold plated. Action depends on spring tension. Low spring tensions are used.
2. Frequency Generator: - As name suggest, frequency generator use to provide frequency to the pulses coming from keyboard for different pulses, frequency generator generates different frequency.
3. IR Driver: - IR Drives the signal coming from frequency generator & passes to the IR LED.
4. IR LED: - IR LED is a infra red led which generates IR rays which is our transmission medium. IR LED’s construction is same as our general LED’s but because of material is different, it does not emit color light, but it emits infra red beams. The material used for construction is Gallium Arsenide (GaAs).
Receiver: -
1. IR Detector: - IR Detector detects the IR rays from transmitter & converts these IR rays into electrical signal and these signals are passed to the pre-amplifier.
2. Relay Board: - It consists of number relays. Which relay we want to operate is depend upon how many clock pulses we are going to apply which is counted by counter. As every clock pulse has different frequency as we discuss earlier, so for different frequency (i.e. clock pulses) different relays get activated. It means that for one clock pulse first relay and for second clock pulse second relay get activated & so on…. The connection relay is directly given to the various appliances.
So which appliance we want to operate is depend on the relay and finally it depends on how many pulses we are going to transmit i.e. which appliances will be operate is depends upon operator only operator can operate this circuit by sitting one place only. He can operate no. of appliances by using single kit.
3. Regulated Power Supply: - Most of the electronic devices work on DC voltage. So a regulated power supply is used to provide a constant Dc voltage irrespective of variation in input and load. In our circuit we use a regulated power supply in receiver section, which provide +/- 12V constant voltage for the working of receiver section.
In this way our circuit works for switch ON/OFF the circuit or appliances while running we can directly switch off the supply and off our kit when we want.
CIRCUIT DIAGARAM DESCRIPTION:-
The circuit diagram of the ‘Remote’ control appliances is given in details as below. The circuit is divided into 4 major parts.
1. Power supply regulator section
2. Transmitter Section
3. Receiver Section
4. Relay switch board section
Explanation: -
The Transmitter: -
This circuit can be operated on 9V battery, through 56E resistor R1. Led1 is ON when power switched is closed. The transmitter consist of two NE 555 ICs (IC1 & IC2), keypad switches S1 through S4 & IR LEDs. Both the ICs are wired in astable mode. IC1 function as modulating signal generator, while IC2 functions as the carrier generator-cum Modulator. The modulating signal is generator when the switch connected to pin 7 of IC1 is pressed.
The inverting action is depicted by the NOT gate in the block diagram. Transistor T2 through T4 from the signal detector. This detector is enabled by the +ve voltage at the base of the transistor T4. This voltage is given as a pulse by 220pF capacitor C7 only at the rising edge of the clock (Clk) generated by IC4 (NE555).
When transistor T2 conducts, about 6V becomes available at the base of transistor T3 (BC548) and at the collector of the transistor T6 (BC 548) simultaneously. Transistor T3 conducts to pull input pin2 of IC3. This - ve pulse at pin2 tiggers monostable multivibrator IC3 to generate a clock pulse of about 1 KHz.
The receiver section: -
The base of transistor T6 receives the clock pulse from output pin3 of IC3 and the transistor conducts. Due to the conduction of the transistor T6. IC5 (CD4033) receives the stroke signal at pin2 of IC5. It allows the demodulated signal to enter the counter section of the circuit for a preset period decided by 1uF capacitor C9 & 1NE potentiometer VR6. During this period, the counter ICs count the input frequency.
IC4 (NE55) is configured in astable mode and function as a clock generator. It continuously generates the clock pulse of 1.6 sec duration at its pin3. This pulse is simultaneously fed 4.7k resistor CD4033 is a decode counter that provides the required clock pulse to the second counter CD4017. It counts the unit & after every 10 counts sends a carry out at its pin5.
CD4017 is also a decade counter. It receives the clock form pin5 of IC5, at its input pin 14. Output pins 2, 4, 7 & 10 of IC6 i.e. CD4017 are connected to the emitter of transistors T7 through T10 via resistors R23 through R26.
Presets VR1 through VR4 in series with switches S1 through S4 respectively are used to generate different modulating frequencies from 200 to 500 Hz. The preset, along with specific switch pressed, is tuned to a particular modulating frequency such that a particular output (relay) is turned ON or OFF at the receiver end for eg, to turn ON output 1 is turned ON. Output 1 (01), adjust 10k preset VR1 while keeping switch S1 depressed until the output doesn’t turn ON, releases S1 & then the press it again continuously until it is ON.
The output of IC1 at pin3 is connected to pin4 of IC2. IC2 generates a carrier frequency of 38 KHz. The modulated signal from pin3 of IC2 is fed to the base of transistor T1 (SK-100) and then transmitted through infra red Led’s (IR LED1 & IR LED2). The output frequency at pin 3 of timer IC555 is given by f = 1.433/ (Ra+2Rb) C.
Where, Ra is the resistance between +Vcc & pin 7.
Rb is the resistance between pin6 & ground.
The modulated signal is received by IR sensor module of the receiver section. The -ve pulse of the demodulated signal from the sensor inverted by transistor T2 (BC558).
Initially, output pin3 of the IR module is high at 6v state. As a result, Led2 is forward biased & it glows to indicate that the conducts as the potential at its base is low. Thus, the transistor conducts when the sensor output goes low. As Q1output are used. Here we have used only 4 outputs.
When the clock goes low, counting stop and only the last high output is passed to the flip flop circuit through corresponding tristate switch (T7, T8, T9, and T10). The collectors of transistor T7 and T8 are connected to pin3 and pin11 of IC7 respectively. IC7 and IC8 each comprise two flip-flops. The total 4 flip-flops namely IC7 (a), IC7 (b), IC8 (b), are wired in a toggle mode. These flip-flops change state for every +ve going pulse appearing at their inputs. The flip-flop outputs are fed to relay driver transistor. These transistors are driving the relays which switch on & off the appliances.