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The Flexible Bus Systems Using Zigbee as a Communication Medium
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ABSTRACT
The Flexible Bus System is more efficient and convenient in a sense that it entertains passenger’s demands and gives bus locations in real time. The Flexible Bus Systems is a system that can replace the Traditional Bus Systems with its flexibility and efficiency.
The hardware composes of a coordinator ZIGBEE which is bus stop is connected to P.C. and slave ZIGBEE which are in the bus. As soon as Bus enters the communication range of the Bus Stop, information exchange starts as described below.
1. Bus sends the Bus ID to Bus Stop and Bus Stop authenticates the request and requests the Bus to Stop or Don’t Stop at current Bus Stop.
2. If Bus is requested to stop at current Bus Stop, Bus sends the stopping signal to Bus Stop and if Bus is requested to pass the Bus Stop without stopping, it sends the Non-Stop passing signal to Bus Stop and requests.
3. In case of Bus stopped at current Bus Stop, after the Passengers rode the Bus, Bus Stop requests for the No. of Passengers in the Bus, and the Bus sends the No. of passengers in the Bus to the Bus Stop and requests for Next Bus Stop ID.
4. Bus Stop sends the Next Bus Stop ID to the Bus.
The decision of stopping at Bus Stop is made by Control Centre and is to be made on following conditions like No. of passengers to get off on this Bus Stop, No. of passengers to ride on this Bus, Seats available in this Bus
Each time information is sent by the Bus to the Bus Stop, it is sent to the Control Centre by the Bus Stop. The Control Centre checks for the validity of the data and sends it back to the Bus Stop from where the data is sent to the Bus.. All the information received from Bus which is now carried by the Bus Stop will be transferred to the Control which is a P.C.

THE FLEXIBLE BUS SYSTEMS USING ZIGBEE AS A COMMUNICATION MEDIUM

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Introduction

The main objective of this paper is to do a research on the use of short range wireless technology called “Zigbee” in Demand Responsive Transit (DRT), making it much more efficient, reliable, and less expensive.
This research is not the only way to develop this kind of a system and by no means suggested the best solution but it can definitely be one of the better alternatives we have till date and can be used in the areas where there are no 3G, WiMax or other long range wireless technologies available.
Till now Zigbee is being used as in-house or in-vehicle technology but this research brings an idea of using Zigbee as communication tool for Inter-Vehicle and Vehicle to Infrastructure.Using Zigbee to communicate between Bus and the Bus Stop will also reduce the total cost of the system as Zigbee devices are far cheaper than Wi-Fi, 3G and WiMax devices.
Due to the fact that Zigbee is low power as compared to other short range wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, this system can be deployed in mountainous areas where power is a major concern.
The algorithm of Flexible Bus System is devised in a way that this system replaces the scheduled bus lines systems and buses can dynamically change their routes according to passenger’s demands.
Passengers are informed about the real time location of the buses which makes it easy for the passengers to decide whether to ride a particular bus or not making this system passenger friendly.

Existing System

Existing systems are carried out in a way that communication medium is long range Wireless technologies like 3G (cellular data).
Everything in the System is connected to the Control Centre and all the information is shared with the Control Centre. Communication between Bus and Control Centre is through 3G; similarly communication between Control Centre and Bus Stop is through 3G.
Installing the 3G modules on Bus Stop and Bus which are more than 1 in most of the cases will greatly increase the total installation cost of the system. Following are some drawbacks to this approach.
1. Installation cost is very high.
2. Maintenance cost is very high.
3. High power consumption.
4. Cannot be applied in areas where there are no long range wireless signals available .
 
Proposed system

The proposed bus system called “The Flexible Bus System” has two sections.
One is the bus stop section other is the Bus Module section. In the Bus stop section, we have RFID reader, Zigbee module.
Once the passenger has come to the bus stop he may enquire about the bus arrival in the bus stop itself (ie) where the bus is currently now.
After showing the RFID tag and pressing the Destination key in the keypad. Then the system will request for the specific bus to send its GPS value. Then the GPS value is displayed in the LCD.
In the Bus module we have Zigbee module, GPS module, RFID reader. The using GPS module can able to locate its current location. For receiving the passenger, a key is pressed to open the gate, and then the gate motor will run to open it.